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Chapter 13 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Sulfur

Chapter 13 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Sulfur. 13.4 Aldehydes and Ketones. Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes and Ketones. A carbonyl group in an aldehyde is attached to at least one H atom. in a ketone is attached to two carbon groups. Naming Aldehydes. An aldehyde

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Chapter 13 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Sulfur

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  1. Chapter 13 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Sulfur 13.4 Aldehydes and Ketones

  2. Carbonyl Group in Aldehydes and Ketones A carbonyl group • in an aldehyde is attached to at least one H atom. • in a ketone is attached to two carbon groups.

  3. Naming Aldehydes An aldehyde • has an IUPAC name in which the -e in the alkane name is changed to –al. • has a common name for the first four aldehydes that use the prefixes: form (1C), acet (2C), propion (3C), and butyr (4C), followed by aldehyde. OOO ║ ║ ║ H─C─H CH3─C─H CH3─CH2─C─H methanal ethanal propanal (formaldehyde) (acetaldehyde) (propionaldehyde)

  4. Naming Aldehydes

  5. Aldehydes in Flavorings Several naturally occurring aldehydes are used as flavorings for foods and fragrances. Benzaldehyde (almonds) Cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon)

  6. Naming Ketones In naming ketones • as IUPAC, the -e in the alkane name is replaced with –one. • With a common name, the alkyl groups attached to the carbonyl group are named alphabetically followed by ketone. OO ║ ║ CH3 ─C─CH3 CH3─C─CH2─CH3propanone 2-butanone (dimethyl ketone) (ethyl methyl ketone)

  7. Ketones in Common Use Nail polish remover, solvent Propanone, Dimethylketone, Acetone Butter flavoring

  8. Learning Check Classify each as 1) aldehyde or 2) ketone.O O || || A. CH3—CH2—C—CH3 B. CH3—C—H CH3 O | || C. CH3—C—CH2—C—H D. | CH3

  9. Solution A. 2 ketone B. 1 aldehyde C. 1 aldehyde D. 2 ketone

  10. Learning Check Classify each as an 1) aldehyde 2) ketone 3) alcohol or 4) ether. O ║ A. CH3─CH2─C─CH3 B. CH3─O─CH3 CH3 O OH │║│ C. CH3─C─CH2─C─H D. CH3─CH ─CH3 │ CH3

  11. Solution O ║ A. CH3─CH2─C─CH3 B. CH3─O─CH3 2) ketone 4) ether CH3 O OH │║│ C. CH3─C─CH2─C─H D. CH3─CH─CH3 │ CH3 1) aldehyde 3) alcohol

  12. Learning Check Name each of the following. O ║ 1. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─C─H O ║ 2. Cl─CH2─CH2─C─H O ║ 3. CH3─CH2─C─CH3

  13. Solution Name each of the following: O ║ 1. CH3─CH2─CH2─CH2─C─H pentanal O ║ 2. Cl─CH2─CH2─C─H 3-chloropropanal O ║ 3. CH3─CH2─C─CH3 2-butanone; ethyl methyl ketone

  14. Learning Check Name the following compounds. O || A. CH3—CH2—CH2—C—CH3 B. CH3 O ||| C. CH3—C—CH2—C—H | CH3

  15. Solution A. 2-pentanone; methyl propyl ketone B.cyclohexanone C, 3,3-dimethylbutanal

  16. Learning Check Draw the structural formulas for each: A. 4-methylpentanal B. 2,3-dichloropropanal C. 3-methyl-2-butanone

  17. Solution Draw the structural formulas for each: CH3 O │║ A. 4-methylpentanal CH3─CH─CH2─CH2─C─H Cl O │ ║ B. 2,3-dichloropropanal Cl─CH2─CH─C─H CH3 O │ ║ C. 3-methyl-2-butanone CH3─CH─C─CH3

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