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Chapter 14 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens

Chapter 14 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens. CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II Alfred State College Professor Bensley. Learning Objectives. Identify alcohols, ethers and alkyl halides. Classify alcohols and alkyl halides as 1 ° 2° or 3°

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Chapter 14 Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens

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  1. Chapter 14Organic Compounds with Oxygen and Halogens CHEM 2124 – General Chemistry II Alfred State College Professor Bensley

  2. Learning Objectives Identify alcohols, ethers and alkyl halides. Classify alcohols and alkyl halides as 1° 2° or 3° Determine the properties of alcohols, ethers, and alkyl halides. Name alcohols, ehters, and alkyl halides. Draw the products of the dehydration of alcohols. Determine the products of alcohol oxidation.

  3. Alcohols • Structure and Properties • Classification 1o 2o 3o

  4. Alcohols B. Shape and bond angle: C. Polarity: D. Intermolecular Forces:

  5. Alcohols E. Melting points and boiling points: F. Solubility: 2 C’s in chain water soluble 8 C’s in chain water insoluble

  6. Alcohols • Nomenclature Give the IUPAC name of the following alcohol. Example • Common Names • Diols and Triols

  7. Alcohols • Interesting Common Alcohols • Methanol (CH3OH) • Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) • 2-Propanol (CH3)2CHOH), isopropyl alcohol • Ethylene glycol (HOCH2CH2OH) • Glycerol [(HOCH2)2CHOH]

  8. Alcohols • Reactions of Alcohols A. Oxidation • # of C—O bonds, # of C—H bonds

  9. Alcohol Oxidation

  10. Alcohols B. Dehydration (Elimination Reaction) – Major Lab #2

  11. Alcohols • Asymmetric alcohols can form two possible products. H H H H H H H C1 C2 C3 CH3 + H2O H C1 C2 C3 CH3 OH H H H H2SO4 1-butene H H H + H2O H C1 C2 C3 CH3 2-butanol H major product: 2-butene • Zaitsev Rule

  12. Ethers • Structure and Properties A. Shape and bond angle: B. Polarity: C. Intermolecular Forces?

  13. Ethers D. Melting and Boiling Points: E. Solubilities:

  14. Ethers • Nomenclature Simple ethers are usually assigned common names: methyl ethyl ethyl ethyl ethyl methyl ether diethyl ether More complex ethers are named using the IUPAC system: CH3CH2 CH3 O O CH2 CH2 CH3 CH3 CH3O— methoxy CH3CH2O— ethoxy

  15. Alkyl Halides • Structure and Properties 1o 2o 3o • Polarities, Intermolecular forces, Melting and Boiling Points, Solubility

  16. Alkyl Halides • Nomenclature Give the IUPAC name of the following alkyl halide. Example

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