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Choosing A Proxy Server OSCON 2014

Choosing A Proxy Server OSCON 2014. Bryan Call Yahoo. About Me. Apache Committer and PMC for Apache Traffic Server (ATS) Apache Member IETF HTTP/2 TLS TCP Enhancement Yahoo

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Choosing A Proxy Server OSCON 2014

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  1. Choosing A Proxy ServerOSCON 2014 Bryan Call Yahoo

  2. About Me • Apache • Committer and PMC for Apache Traffic Server (ATS) • Apache Member • IETF • HTTP/2 • TLS • TCP Enhancement • Yahoo • WebRing, GeoCities, People Search, Personals, Tiger Team, Platform Architect, Edge Group, Network Research, Apache/IETF

  3. Overview • Types of Proxies • Features • Architecture • Cache Architecture • Performance • Pros and Cons

  4. How are you going to use a proxy server?

  5. Reverse Proxy

  6. Reverse Proxy • Proxy in front of your own web servers • Caching? • Geographic location? • Connection handling? • SSL termination? • SPDY support? • Adding business logic?

  7. Forward Proxy

  8. Intercepting Proxy

  9. Forward / Intercepting Proxy • Proxy in front of the Internet • Configure clients to use proxy? • Caching? • SSL - CONNECT? • SSL - termination?

  10. Choices

  11. Plenty of Proxy Servers PerlBal

  12. Plenty of Proxy Servers

  13. Features And Options

  14. Features

  15. SSL Features Source: https://istlsfastyet.com/ - IlyaGrigorik

  16. What type of proxy do you need? • Of our candidates, only three fully supports all proxy modes

  17. HTTP/1.1 Compliance

  18. HTTP/1.1 Compliance • Accept-Encoding - gzip • Vary • Age • If-None-Match

  19. How things can go wrong: Vary $ curl -D - -o /dev/null -s --compress http://10.118.73.168/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.3.9 Date: Wed, 12 Dec 2012 18:00:48 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 8051 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: public, max-age=900 Last-Modified: Wed, 12 Dec 2012 17:52:42 +0000 Expires: Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT Vary: Cookie,Accept-Encoding Content-Encoding: gzip

  20. How things can go wrong: Vary $ curl -D - -o /dev/null -s http://10.118.73.168/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.3.9 Date: Wed, 12 Dec 2012 18:00:57 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Content-Length: 8051 Connection: keep-alive Cache-Control: public, max-age=900 Last-Modified: Wed, 12 Dec 2012 17:52:42 +0000 Expires: Sun, 19 Nov 1978 05:00:00 GMT Vary: Cookie,Accept-Encoding Content-Encoding: gzip Note: no gzip request EPIC FAIL!

  21. CoAdvisor HTTP protocol quality tests for reverse proxies 49% 81% 51% 68%

  22. CoAdvisor HTTP protocol quality tests for reverse proxies 25% 6% 27% 15%

  23. Architecture

  24. Architecture And Process Models • Multithreading • Events • Process • Fibers • Co-operative multitasking, getcontext/setcontext

  25. Threads

  26. Threads • Pros • Easy to share memory • Lightweight context switching • Cons • Easy to (accidently) share memory • Overwriting another threads memory • Locking • Deadlocks, race conditions, starvation

  27. Event Processing

  28. Problems with Event Processing • Doesn’t work well with blocking APIs • open(), locking • It doesn’t scale on SMP by itself

  29. Process Model And Architecture

  30. Caching Architecture

  31. Cache • Mainly two types • File system • Database like • In memory index • Bytes per object • Minimize disk seeks and system calls

  32. Cache

  33. Performance Testing

  34. ATS Configuration etc/trafficserver/remap.config: map / http://origin.example.com etc/trafficserver/records.config: CONFIG proxy.config.http.server_ports STRING 80 CONFIG proxy.config.accept_threads INT 3

  35. NGiNX Configuration worker_processes24; access_log logs/access.log main; proxy_cache_path /mnt/nginx_cache levels=1:2 keys_zone=my-cache:8m max_size=16384m inactive=600m; proxy_temp_path /mnt/nginx_temp; server { set $ae ""; if ($http_accept_encoding ~* gzip) { set $ae "gzip"; } location / { proxy_pass http://origin.example.com; proxy_cache my-cache; proxy_set_header If-None-Match ""; proxy_set_header If-Modified-Since ""; proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding $ae; proxy_cache_key $uri$is_args$args$ae; } location ~ /purge_it(/.*) { proxy_cache_purgeexample.com $1$is_args$args$myae }

  36. Squid Configuration http_accessallow all http_port80 accel workers 24 cache_mem4096 MB memory_cache_sharedon cache_dirrock /usr/local/squid/cache 1000 max-size=32768 cache_peerorigin.example.com parent 80 0 no-query originserver

  37. Varnish Configuration backend default { .host = ”origin.example.com”; .port = "80"; }

  38. Varnish Configuration (Cont) sudo /usr/local/sbin/varnishd -f /usr/local/etc/varnish/default.vcl -p thread_pool_max=4000 sudo /usr/local/sbin/varnishd -f /usr/local/etc/varnish/default.vcl -p thread_pool_max=2000 -p thread_pool_add_delay=2 -p thread_pool_min=200 sudo /usr/local/sbin/varnishd -f /usr/local/etc/varnish/default.vcl -p thread_pool_max=2000 -p thread_pool_add_delay=2 -p thread_pool_min=1000 -p session_linger=0 sudo /usr/local/sbin/varnishd -f /usr/local/etc/varnish/default.vcl -p thread_pool_max=2000 -p thread_pool_add_delay=2 -p thread_pool_min=1000 -p session_linger=10

  39. Apache httpd Configuration LoadModulecache_module modules/mod_cache.so LoadModulecache_disk_module modules/mod_cache_disk.so LoadModuleproxy_module modules/mod_proxy.so LoadModuleproxy_http_module modules/mod_proxy_http.so Include conf/extra/httpd-mpm.conf ProxyPass/ http://origin.example.com/ <IfModulemod_cache_disk.c> CacheRoot/usr/local/apache2/cache CacheEnabledisk / CacheDirLevels5 CacheDirLength3 </IfModule> MaxKeepAliveRequests10000

  40. Benchmark 1 • 1,000 clients • 8KB response • 100% cache hit • Keep-alive on • 100K rps rate limited

  41. Squid used the most CPU and the worst median latency • 95th percentile latency with NiGNX, Squid and httpd

  42. Benchmark 2 • 1,000 clients • 8KB response • 100% cache hit • Keep-alive off

  43. Squid used the most CPU again • NGiNX had latency issues • ATS most throughput

  44. ATS • Pros • Scales well automatically, little config needed • Best cache implementation • Cons • Too many config files • Too many options in the default configfiles (5.x fixed this)

  45. NGiNX • Pros • Lots of plugins • FastCGI support • Cons • HTTP/1.1 compliance • Latency issues around accepting new connections • Rebuild server for new plugins

  46. Squid • Pros • Best HTTP/1.1 compliance • Cons • Memory index for cache using 10x that of ATS • Least efficient with CPU • Worst median latency for keep-alive benchmarks

  47. Varnish • Pros • VCL (Varnish Configuration Language) • Can do a lot without writing plugins • Cons • Thread per connection • mmap for cache • Persistence is experimental • No SSL or SPDY support

  48. Apache httpd • Pros • Lots of plugins • Most used http server • Best 95th percentile latency for non-keep-alive • Cons • SPDY Support

  49. Why ATS? • Scales well • CPU Usage, auto config • Cache scales well • Efficient memory index, minimizes seeks • Apache Community • Plugin support • Dynamic loading of plugins and easy to port existing plugins over

  50. References • ATS - http://trafficserver.apache.org/ • NGiNX - http://nginx.org/ • Squid - http://www.squid-cache.org/ • Varnish - https://www.varnish-cache.org/ • Apache httpd - http://httpd.apache.org/

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