Volcanoes

1. Volcanoes

2. What are volcanoes? What do you know about volcanoes? What would you like to know?

3. What is a Volcano? Hot Lava Cold Rock A Mountain that erupts lava Hawaii

4. Volcanoes can be Active, Dormant or Extinct Active Dormant Extinct

5. Inside and below a Volcano vent cone magma chamber Pipe (Conduit)

6. Why do volcanoes erupt? Hot air Cold air Ocean Cold Crust HotMelt HotMantle Cooler Mantle

7. Activity • Lets do an Effusive Volcano dance 10 pupils form a ring (you are the CONE) The rest of the pupils go inside the ring- you are the magma. Cone pupils hold hands to keep the magma inside All crouch down and pretend you are asleep- you are the dormant volcano. Now you are going to slowly wake up and stand up. Magma now begins to heat up building up lots of energy so you will move around the circle getting faster and faster lifting your toes off the floor as if it is too hot to stand on. Cone you now need to start to melt by crouching down and releasing hands. Magma you are now going to slither out of the cone

8. Effusive volcanoes • Volcanoes that erupt like yours are called Effusive or Shield volcanoes • The lava: • Is runny • The lava flows a long way • Has some bubbles • Forms volcanoes that are wider • than they are tall • An example is: • Mauna Loa, Hawaii

9. Explosive Volcanoes We are now going to show you what an explosive volcano is like. Watch carefully and you will notice some differences in the way it erupts from the way your volcano erupted.

10. USGS/Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Photo by J.D. Griggs Bubbles

11. Activity • Lets do an Explosive Volcano dance • 10 pupils form a ring (you are the CONE) • The rest of the pupils go inside the ring- you are the magma. • Cone pupils hold hands to keep the magma inside • All crouch down and pretend you are asleep- you are the dormant volcano. • Now you are going to slowly wake up and stand up. Magma now begins to heat up building up lots of energy so you will move around the circle getting faster and faster lifting your toes off the floor as if it is too hot to stand on. • Girls only- you are now bubbles making your hands open and close and saying ‘pop’ • Cone you now need to start to melt by crouching down and releasing hands. • Magma you are going to crouch down then explode upwards with your hands wide then crouch down and explode upwards again. Girl magma now drift out of the circle like a light fluffy cloud of ash travelling all around the classroom.

12. How do they erupt? Effusive Explosive magma magma Sticky Lots of Bubbles Runny Not many bubbles

13. How do they erupt? • Explosive • Effusive Runny, Not many Bubbles! Sticky Lots of Bubbles Ash clouds Hawaii

14. Explosive Volcanoes Montserrat Montserrat Ash Fall Pyroclastic Flow Pyroclastic Flow Courtesy of www.swisseduc.ch Ash and rocks are thrown into the air Thick lava flows Pyroclastic Flow

15. Effusive Volcanoes • ’a’a • Pahoehoe Aaflows Pahoehoe flows Rough Lots of pieces Smooth or Ropy Courtesy of A. Rust Courtesy of A. Rust

16. Looking at volcanic rock We have brought along a collection of real volcanic rock from Bristol University for you to investigate Look carefully- Can you see any bubbles in the rock? Can you find any crystals? Can you see anything that has melted in the lava? Can you find a volcanic bomb? Can you find some wiggly lava? We have brought along a few rocks that are not from Volcanoes- can you work out which ones they are?

17. Brain Challenge V____ e n t What is a volcano? Mountains that erupt . l a v a Cone Lava is very: hotcold Conduit A dormant volcano is: awake asleep M a g m a ________ chamber Why do volcanoes erupt? Hot magma wants to go: up down x p l o s i v e How do volcanoes erupt? Two types: e and effusive What helps make explosive volcanoes erupt? . b u b b l e s Do effusive volcanoes have runny or sticky lava? . r u n n y Questions

18. Do you have any questions you’d like to ask us?