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India & Southeast Asia

Explore the Vedic Age (1500-500 BCE), characterized by the emergence of the Aryas and the Varna caste system, including the roles of Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas, Shudras, and Untouchables. Understand the emergence of Jainism, Buddhism, and the reformed Hinduism, focusing on key figures like Mahavira and Siddhartha Gautama. Discover the rise of the Mauryan Empire and Gupta Empire's influence on culture, religion, and governance. We also delve into the early states of Southeast Asia, particularly Funan, and the agricultural practices that shaped these civilizations.

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India & Southeast Asia

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  1. India & Southeast Asia

  2. The Vedic Age 1500-500 BCE • Aryasv.Dasas • Varna Class Structure = • Brahmin (Priests/Scholars) • Kshatriya (Warriors) • Vaishya(Merchants) • Shudra (Peasant/Laborers) • Untouchables (Demeaning work) • Jati = Subdivision of the 4 main Varna (Caste) • Rules (Jobs, duties, interaction among Jati groups) • Role of Women • Worship via sacrifice • Study, participate in rituals, own property

  3. Jainism, Buddhism & Hinduism • Jainism • Founded by Mahavira 540-468BCE • Nonviolence to all living things • Buddhism (563-483 BCE) • Founder: Siddhartha Gautama • The Four Noble Truths / Eightfold Path to Enlightenment • 2 Sects = Mahayana (new) & Theravada (old) • Hinduism ‘What the Indians Do’ • Reformed Vedic Religion • Devotion to the gods: Vishnu (North) or Shiva (South) & Devi (Goddess)=Creative/Destructive • Pilgrimage to holy sites/shrines • Dominant Regional Religion

  4. The Mauryan Empire 324-184 BCE • Formed from Kingdom of Magadha • Strategic Geographic Location • Agricultural & Iron Resources • Mauryan Government • Capitol: Pataliputra • Large Army • 25% Agricultural Tax • State Monopolies (mines, ships, weapons) • Notable Leaders • Founder: Chandragupta Maurya • Ashoka = Buddhism becomes state religion (Buddhist empire!) • Era (500 yrs) of Political Fragmentation • Greco-Bactrian influence (NW) • Literary Achievements (Sanskrit) • Merchants became religious patrons • 3 Tamil kingdoms = ‘Classical Period’

  5. The Gupta Empire 320-550 CE • Kingdom of Magadha-Chandra Gupta • Controlled Central & Northern India • Copied Mauryan Govt. Structure • Except: Weak military & theatre-state • Gupta Culture • Trade with SE Asia • Literacy / Mathematics Arabic numerals & concept of zero • Women = No right to own land, treated like Shudra, married young, social status determined treatment • Religion = Hinduism / Tolerant • Collapse = Military Spending (Huns) • Southern India Remained Independent • Warrior Kingdoms (Pallavas & Cholas)

  6. Southeast Asia 50-600CE • 3 Geographic Zones • Indochina Mainland • Malay Peninsula • Islands • Natural Resources & Agriculture • Fertile soil / Several Growing Seasons • Domestic Animals / Agricultural Products • Swidden = Slash & Burn agriculture • Migrations • Malay peoples from Southern China • First Major State = Funan • 1st thru 6th Century • Mekong Delta (Rice Bowl)

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