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UNIT 12

UNIT 12. Judea and the Flavian Dynasty. JEWISH REVOLT. 69: Year of Revolt. Following Nero’s death, there was a power vacuum Galba, Otho , Vitellius , and Vespasian Vespasian was able to gain power following his success in putting down the Jewish Revolt This begins the Flavian Dynasty.

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UNIT 12

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  1. UNIT 12 Judea and the Flavian Dynasty

  2. JEWISH REVOLT

  3. 69: Year of Revolt • Following Nero’s death, there was a power vacuum • Galba, Otho, Vitellius, and Vespasian • Vespasian was able to gain power following his success in putting down the Jewish Revolt • This begins the Flavian Dynasty

  4. JEWISH REVOLT • 66-73 A.D.; the “Great Revolt” • Revolt over tax policy • Rome confiscated all the Temple money • Jewish zealots took over • 66 A.D. – ambushed and defeated a Roman legion

  5. VESPASIAN • Reign: 69-79 A.D. • Titus Flavius Vespasianus • VERY successful politician and general • Paid “insufficient attention” to Nero’s lyre performance • i.e. he fell asleep…. • April, 67 – arrives in Judea • Arrives with his trusted son, Titus • Jewish resistance is splintered • Zealots all gather in Jerusalem; behind the walls of the city

  6. JEWISH REVOLT • Vespasian leaves to march on Rome; Titus takes control • Laid siege, cut off supplies, in-fighting destroyed Jewish resistance • Sept. 73 – Romans take Jerusalem • Mercilessly plunder and burn down the temple!! • Josephus wrote that over 1 million people died!

  7. VESPASIAN • “69 was very nearly the last of Roman civilization” • - Tacitus • Wasn’t as charismatic as others; benefited from good timing. • Furthered his own propaganda to make him seem more than just a man • “Peace and Victory” • Privately he was very self-deprecating • Laughed when he was traced back to Hercules! • Patronized the arts and letters • Put teachers and artists on the payroll • This helped to craft a positive legacy of him

  8. VESPASIAN’S RULE • He needed 40 thousand million sesterces…. • Tacitus believed he was the “only man who improved” • Often accepted bribes, obsessed with making money • “Vespasian’s sponges” • Implemented a toilet tax! • “Money does not stink” • Built the “Flavian Amphitheatre”, or “The Colosseum” • How does the Colosseum “pay for itself”? • “Dear me, I must be becoming a god.” • Vespasian, on his death bed

  9. TITUS • 79-81 A.D. • Universally liked and seen as very generous • DESCTRUCTION OF POMPEII • August-Oct 79 A.D. – Mt. Vesuvius erupted • Buried countryside in 60 feet of volcanic ash!! • 10,000-25,000 people died • Titus led a relief effort immediately • He also helped to rebuild Rome after a intense fire • Commissioned 100 days of games and events • Rebuilt the Pantheon, completed the Colosseum Titus was obsessed with gladiatorial combat!

  10. COLOSSEUM • Fit 70,000 people • Colosseum included: • Water fountains • Tickets and seats • Bathrooms • Retractable roofs • Could also flood for naval battles and had trap doors! • Animals were even fed human flesh in order to be trained to eat humans! • Animal trainers would sometimes be killed if the animals did not “perform”

  11. SLIDES 8-14 QUIZ • 1. What was the name of the Colosseum when it was built? • 2. What Italian city was destroyed by Mt. Vesuvius in 79 A.D.?

  12. GLADIATORS • Funding would be provided by a “sponsor” • Novices would begin in smaller arenas • Not ALL bouts resulted in death • If a fighter was killed, the sponsor had to pay for his replacement! • Had about a 90% chance of survival • Would be paid for each victory • Sometimes would perform at private parties

  13. THUMBS DOWN?? • “editor” was in charge of the fight • Would do whatever the audience wanted • Gladiators could ask for mercy • Probably “thumbs sideways” meant death Referee?

  14. DOMITIAN • Reign: 81-96 A.D. • Ignored by Vespasian • Was very introverted; enjoyed solitude • “Alone in the palace, with not even a fly” • Did NOT trust the Senate • Lived through the revolt of 69 A.D.

  15. DOMITIAN’S MILITARY EXPLOITS • Unilaterally declares Titus’ divinity • Totally ignores the senate… • Gives the army a HUGE raise • 77-84 A.D. - Roman governor Agricola conquers Britain and Scotland • 85-88 A.D. - Went to war with Dacia and he paid them off! • This was unbelievable to the Roman people!

  16. DOMITIAN’S GOVERNANCE • Made himself “censor in perpetuity” • Revived treason trials, sex laws, and was brutally harsh to corrupt senators • Demanded to be called “You Lord and God”

  17. DOMITIAN’S DEATH • Assassinated in 96 A.D. • Murdered by his own chamberlain • Hid a dagger in his sling, clumsily stabbed Domitian • Caught him off guard b/c it was after noon!

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