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The present subjunctive

The present subjunctive. Subjunctive? What on Earth!?. The subjunctive is not technically a tense in that it does not deal with time, but rather a mood in that it deals with conveying emotions, feeling, doubts, desires and judgments.

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The present subjunctive

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  1. The present subjunctive

  2. Subjunctive? What on Earth!? • The subjunctive is not technically a tense in that it does not deal with time, but rather a mood in that it deals with conveying emotions, feeling, doubts, desires and judgments. • The indicative mood in Spanish is: the present, the preterit, the imperfect, the future, the conditional, the perfect tenses and the progressive tenses. • The imperative mood is: commands.

  3. Does this exist in English? • Yes, but we are systematically murdering it. • One example is with the verb to be after phrases of necessity etc.: • It’s important that Juan be here. • vs. • It’s important that Juan’s here. • That infinitive form of be is considered subjunctive and is introduced by the It’s important clause • We don’t use this first usage much anymore, hence our murdering of the subjunctive

  4. However do you form the present subjunctive? • yoform of the present • take off the –o • add:

  5. And that works just fine because every present indicative yo form ends in –o, right?

  6. Wrong

  7. Irregular present subjunctive • Dar – dé… • Ir – vaya… • Ser – sea… • Haber – haya… • Estar – esté… • Saber – sepa…

  8. Stem-changing verbs • Are still stem-changing verbs • Pensar:

  9. Stem-changing -ir verbs • Except for –ir verbs, which are stem-changing but also change in the nosotrosform the same way they change in the preterit: • sentir:

  10. -car / -gar / -zar verbs • tocar: • pagar: • empezar:

  11. El subjuntivo en las cláusulas nominales • Subjunctive in nounclauses!!!!!

  12. A say what clause • That’s right a noun clause. The grammatical terminology refers to the fact that the dependent clause in which a verb becomes subjunctive functions like the object of the independent, or main clause. Thus, it functions like a noun!

  13. Or…. • Just look at the examples: • I hope you learn things. • Esperoqueaprendas. • I doubt he knows. • Dudoqueélsepa. • It’s necessary that Juan be here. • Es necesarioque Juan estéaquí.

  14. When subjunctive?? • The verb in the first (main) clause determines whether or not the verb in the second (dependent) clause is subjunctive: • Creoquetú ____ (ser) Jacob. • Creoqueeres Jacob. • No creoquetú_____ (ser) Jacob. • No creoque seas Jacob.

  15. Verbs that set up subjunctive: • Necessity • necesitaretc. • Uncertainty • dudar, no creer, negar, no pensaretc. • Desire • querer, desear, esperaretc. • Emotion • tenermiedo, estartriste / alegre / enojado, etc.

  16. Try to put a “j” somewhere in an acronym: • Judgment: • esbueno, esmalo, esjusto, es normal, esabsurdoetc. • Ojalá-What do I do with this?

  17. Format! • For this thing, you need one clause with a subject and a verb that introduces another with a different subject and verb connected in Spanish with “que”: • I want Juan to win. • Quiero que Juan gane.

  18. Format! • If the two clauses have the same subject, you don’t conjugate the second verb and you don’t need “que”. • I want to win. • Quieroganar.

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