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Network Addressing

Network Addressing. Networking for Home & Small Business. Objectives. Purpose of an IP Address. Each host needs IP to communicate Assigned to the NIC Computers, network printer, router interfaces Remember Packet has source & destination IP. Everything is IP. IP Address Facts.

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Network Addressing

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  1. Network Addressing Networking for Home & Small Business

  2. Objectives

  3. Purpose of an IP Address • Each host needs IP to communicate • Assigned to the NIC • Computers, network printer, router interfaces • Remember • Packet has source & destination IP

  4. Everything is IP

  5. IP Address Facts • Logical (not physical like MAC) • IPv4 • 32 bits, 4 octets • 8 bits in each octet • 11111111.10101010.11001100.00100101 • Written in decimal • 192.101.28.36 • Value in each octet from 0-255 • That’s a total of 256 numbers.

  6. Convert binary to decimal • Add up the values of the binary 1’s • 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 • 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 • 156 • 11100101 • 229

  7. Binary/Decimal Conversions • Practice • Binary Game • Handout

  8. Parts of an IP Address • Network portion • Host portion • Routers care about network portion • 192.175.36.9

  9. Activity

  10. IP & Subnet Mask • Subnet Mask • Helps router decide which network packet is on • Helps show which part of IP is network & host • 32 bits • 192.168.6.5 255.255.255.0 • Binary 1’s - ID the network portion • Binary 0’s - ID the host portion

  11. What network are these on?

  12. How many hosts- Unsubnetted? • SM helps tells us how many hosts are on that network • 255.255.255.0 • Binary 0= identifies # of hosts on that network • How many total hosts can be in one octet? • 256 • Subtract 2 for useable • 00000000 (.0) is the network ID • 11111111 (.255) is the broadcast address for a network

  13. Binary/Dec/Hex • Hex= MAC address • 0-9, A-F (10-15) • AB

  14. Handout & Lab • 5.1.4 Lab • Homework

  15. Review • Which version IP addresses are we dealing with? • IPv4 • How many bits in an IP address? • 32 • How many octets in an IP address? • 4 • Which part of this address is the host portion? 199.81.71.6 • 6

  16. Review • Which network does this belong on? 201.14.6.5 255.255.255.0 • 201.14.6.0 network • How many total hosts can be on that network? Useable? • 256 • 254, why?

  17. IP Classes & Default SM • Class A • Large organizations • 1-127 • Default SM= 255.0.0.0 • One octet for network, 3 octets for hosts • How many hosts available? • 224= over 16 million • 10.52.33.7 • N.H.H.H • 255.0.0.0 • 120.111.99.87

  18. Class A Example • 15.7.92.5 255.0.0.0 • 15= Class A • Default SM for Class A= 255.0.0.0 • Network portion of address= 15. • Host portion= .7.92.5 • Network ID= 15.0.0.0 • All zero’s in the host portion • Broadcast address= 15.255.255.255 • All binary one’s in the host portion

  19. IP Classes & Default SM • Class B • Medium organizations • 128-191 • Default SM= 255.255.0.0 • Two octets for network, 2 octets for hosts • How many hosts available? • 216= over 65,000 • 130.52.33.7 • N.N.H.H • 255.255.0.0 • 185.111.99.87

  20. Class B Example • 167.101.52.36 255.255.0.0 • 167= Class B • Default SM for Class B= 255.255.0.0 • Network portion of address= 167.101 • Host portion= .52.36 • Network ID= 167.101.0.0 • All zero’s in the host portion • Broadcast address= 167.101.255.255 • All binary one’s in the host portion

  21. IP Classes & Default SM • Class C • Small organizations • 192-223 • Default SM= 255.255.255.0 • Three octets for network, 1 octet for hosts • How many hosts available? • 28= 256-2 (254 useable) • 199.52.33.7 • N.N.N.H • 255.255.255.0 • 220.111.99.87

  22. Class C Example • 210.44.200.89 255.255.255.0 • 210= Class C • Default SM for Class C= 255.255.255.0 • Network portion of address= 210.44.200 • Host portion= .89 • Network ID= 210.44.200.0 • All zero’s in the host portion • Broadcast address= 210.44.200.255 • All binary one’s in the host portion

  23. Other IP Classes & More • Class D & E not for commercial use • D is multicast (one to a group) • 224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255 • All 0’s in host portion(s) = network ID • All 1’s in host portion(s)= broadcast • CAN NOT USE THOSE FOR HOSTS! • Activity on 5.2.1

  24. Handouts • Lots of Practice!

  25. Public/Private IP’s • Some addresses are reserved & can not be routed across Internet • You can have a public IP for network/servers & private for hosts inside • Saves IP addresses

  26. Private IP’s • If host does not connect DIRECTLY to Internet, it can have a private IP • Router BLOCKS private IP’s • Security!!! • Private IP’s can not be seen from Internet • 127.0.0.0 range is reserved for loopback testing

  27. Private Nets- 5.2.2 Activity

  28. Unicast Communication • One-to-one or Source to destination

  29. Broadcast Communication • One-to-all or Source to all in segment • All hosts will look at it • All 1’s in host portion(s) of address • Broadcast IP & MAC • Default Broadcasts • A- 10.255.255.255 255.0.0.0 • B- 172.16.255.255 255.255.0.0 • C- 192.168.1.255 255.255.255.0

  30. Broadcast Communication

  31. Multicast Communication • One-to-group • Class D 224.0.0.0- 239.255.255.255 • Multicast MAC begins with 01-00-5E • Where is it used? • Gaming • Distance learning

  32. Multicast Communication

  33. Which one? • Unicast • Multicast • Broadcast

  34. Activity & Handout • 5.2.3.4 • Handout • DOS • Netstat –e • Do this every 10 seconds • Pay attention to non-unicast packets

  35. Review • 160.50.23.6 255.255.0.0; What network is this on? • 160.50.0.0 • Which default SM has the most hosts? • Class A 255.0.0.0 • Over 16 million! • How many useable hosts in a Class C? • 254 • 220.101.5.90 255.255.255.0; What network is this on? • 220.101.5.0

  36. Review • What are the private IP addresses? • 10, 172.16-172.31, 192.168. • What is the MAC broadcast frame in hex? • FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF • What is the MAC for a multicast? • 01-00-5E • One to one communication is… • Unicast • To send a unicast message, which addresses do you need? • Source & dest. IP & MAC

  37. Assigning IP Addresses • Static • Manually type in IP Address • Good for printers or servers • Devices people access all the time • You wouldn’t want their address changing! • Good documentation!!!!

  38. Assigning IP Addresses • Dynamic • Assigned auto by DHCP server • Assigns IP, SM, DG, more • Good for larger networks or with mobile/new devices • Leased addresses

  39. Assigning IP Addresses • Admins have a pool of IP addresses • DHCP assigns from the pool • SOHO routers usually have DHCP • Medical field- • Legal requirement • Must track who is on machine • DHCP server assigns & keeps log of users

  40. DHCP Servers • How you get on the net in a hotel, Starbucks, or BK • Either dedicated server or mixed in another device • From ISP or on your ISR

  41. How DHCP Works

  42. Configuring DHCP on Linksys • 192.168.1.1 • Packet Tracer Lab 5.3.3.3

  43. Review • Which addresses does a host use to discover a DHCP server? • 255.255.255.255 • FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF • Who sees that? Who responds? • All on the segment • The DHCP server • What happens to a PC’s IP when you shut down? • Goes back to the DHCP pool of addresses

  44. Network Boundaries

  45. The Network In & Out

  46. How to Connect to the ISP • Directly • 1 PC to a modem • PC gets address from ISP • ISR • Modem to ISR • Internal PC’s get addresses from ISR • Gateway Device • ISR & Modem in one • Internal gets private IP’s

  47. NAT • Translates private into public addresses • Prevents external from seeing internal • A private (local) source IP address is translated to a public (global) address. • The process is reversed for incoming packets. • The integrated router is able to translate many internal IP addresses to the same public address, by using NAT.

  48. NAT Example

  49. Packet Tracer • 5.4.3.2

  50. Review • Which address does the PC need to access the Internet? • Default gateway address of the ISR 2. Which devices translates NAT? • ISR

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