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Kashmir and North East

Troubled Borders. Kashmir and North East. Kashmir: Two Different Perspectives. Kashmir’s Disputed Accession to India in 1947 Heterogeneity of the Landscape Postponed War and Actual Line of Control 1 January 1948 Indian appeal to United Nations

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Kashmir and North East

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  1. Troubled Borders Kashmir and North East

  2. Kashmir: Two Different Perspectives • Kashmir’s Disputed Accession to India in 1947 • Heterogeneity of the Landscape • Postponed War and Actual Line of Control • 1 January 1948 Indian appeal to United Nations • In March 1948 Sheikh Abdullah was appointed the Premier of the Jammu and Kashmir Region • Land Reforms and the End of DograRajputDomination ( 40,000 acres of land redistributed, absentee landlordism prohibited, increase in the share of the tenants, and moratorium on debts) • Nehru’s triumphant Visit to Kashmir in 1949 • Article 370 as the guarantee of future status of Kashmir

  3. Unraveling of the Alliance • End of the proposal for Plebiscite • Abdullah favoring Independence of Kashmir • Difference between Jammu and Kashmir • First Election of Jammu and Kashmir and National Conference won all 75 seats due to boycott by Jammu PrajaParishad a Hindu Organization • Abdullah Demanding special status for Kashmir within India with separate flag, and the head of the government being called Prime Minister • Hindu protests against National Conference and Abdullah in Jammu • Delhi Accord of 1952 • Jammu Agitation continued • Shamya Prasad Mukherjee a BharatyaJansangh Leader extended support to them and challenged Nehru to go into war with Pakistan • April 1953meeting between Adlai Stevenson and Sheikh Abdullah • Death of ShyamaParasadMukherjee in Kashmir Jail on 22 June 1953 under heart attack • Popular outcry against Abdullah among Hindus and the Idea of Independence mooted by Sheikh Abdullah • Coup within National Conference when BakshiGulam Mohammad another National Conference leader revolted against Sheikh and was appointed Prime Minister of the State in August 1953 • Shiekh Abdullah was arrested in 1953

  4. Final Push for Peace • Indian Diplomacy and Patronage Distribution Regime of Bakshi • 27 December 1963 Hazaratbal Incident and Sastri’s solution of the Problem • Appointment of G. M. Sadiq as the Chief Minister • India Pakistan Talk (Swaran Sing and Z. A. Bhutto) in 1962 and 63 • Abdullah’s Release in 1958 and his arrest again by Kashmiri Authorities • Nehru’s Guilt and the release of Abdullah on 8 April 1964 • Opposition to Kashmir’s Independence among Congressmen • 29 April 1964 Sheikh Abdullah reached Delhi for a talk • New Formula for peace evolved by Raja Gopalacharya and Nehru and Ayub Khan President of Pakistan was approached • Abdullah left for Pakistan on 24 May 1964 and met with the President of Pakistan and 26 th May it was announced that there would be a meeting between President Ayub Khan, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru with Shiekh being present in the meeting • 27 th May Nehru the final supporter of peace passed away and with him died the prospect for lasting peace between India and Pakistan • New Geo-Political significance of Kashmir

  5. North East of India • Colonial Assam and India • ‘Tribal Polity’ and the Indian State • Geo-Political Significance of North East • Naga Rebellion and Troubled Border • Crisis in Mizoram • Growing Tension in Assam Between Bengalis and Assamese • Integration of Arunachal Pradesh • Can India and its Experiment with Democracy Survive?

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