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Derek D. Houston 1,2 , Dennis K. Shiozawa 1 , and Brett R. Riddle 2

Phylogenetic Relationships, Molecular Dating, And Phylogeography Of T he Western North American Genus Richardsonius. Derek D. Houston 1,2 , Dennis K. Shiozawa 1 , and Brett R. Riddle 2 1 Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT

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Derek D. Houston 1,2 , Dennis K. Shiozawa 1 , and Brett R. Riddle 2

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  1. Phylogenetic Relationships, Molecular Dating, And Phylogeography Of The Western North American Genus Richardsonius Derek D. Houston1,2, Dennis K. Shiozawa1 , and Brett R. Riddle2 1Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 2School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas

  2. Western North America Geological changes - Miocene (23.0 – 5.3 Ma) - Pliocene (5.3 – 2.6 Ma)

  3. Western North America Climatic Changes - Pleistocene (2.6 – 0.01 Ma) - Holocene (0.01 – 0.0 Ma)

  4. Western North America Geological and climatic changes to the landscape have influenced genetic diversity across a wide variety of taxa Given their reduced vagility compared to terrestrial organisms, freshwater taxa may maintain a more intact genetic signature of these processes

  5. Richardsonius R. egregius R. balteatus - R. b. balteatus - R. b. hydrophlox Redrawn after Lee et al.,1980

  6. Clinostomus C. elongatus C. funduloides  Illustration by E. Edmondson & H. Chrisp (NYSDC) Redrawn after Lee et al.,1980 www.fishbase.org

  7. Iotichthys Monotypic genus I. phlegethontis National Audobon Society Redrawn after Lee et al.,1980; Mock & Miller, 2005

  8. Coburn & Cavender, 1992 Smith et al., 2002 Estabrook et al., 2007 Simons et al., 2003 Simons & Mayden, 1999

  9. C. elongatus R. balteatus I. phlegethontis R. egregius C. funduloides

  10. Objectives Address phylogenetic relationships of these genera • Clinostomus vs. Iotichthys assister to Richardsonius? Assess monophyly of Richardsonius with respect to Iotichthys. Reciprocal monophyly of R. balteatus and R. egregius? Establish a time frame for evolution of this group.

  11. M. caurinus 100 / 100 1.00 P. macrolepidotus 87 / 98 C. elongatus 100 / 99 1.00 1.00 C. funduloides 100 / 100 1.00 I. phlegethontis 98 / 100 R. balteatus 1.00 100 / 93 / 0.99 R. egregius 0.05

  12. 300 km

  13. M. caurinus 99 / 99 1.00 C. funduloides 99 / 100 1.00 100 / 100 1.00 C. elongatus 100 / 100 1.00 I. phlegethontis 99 / 100 1.00 92 / 86 / 1.00 W 100 / 100 1.00 83 / 99 1.00 R. egregius 73 / 98 1.00 E 98 / 83 1.00 Co 84 / 97 1.00 79 / 97 / 1.00 mtDNA - cytochrome b - control region Ci R. balteatus 95 / 97 / 1.00 B 0.01

  14. M. caurinus C. funduloides C. elongatus I. phlegethontis R. egregius R. balteatus 0.01 300 km

  15. M. caurinus (PM1) 100 / 100 1.00 C. elongatus (KK7294) C. elongatus (KK7295) 100 / 100 1.00 C. funduloides (BR7257a) C. funduloides (BR7257b) 100 / 100 1.00 I. phlegethontis (LU8237a) I. phlegethontis (LU8237b) R. balteatus (CA6291a) 89 / 90 1.00 R. balteatus (CW8247) R. balteatus (DB9251b) R. balteatus (DB9252a) R. balteatus (HB7861) R. balteatus (SJ7224) R. balteatus (KT9001a) 61 / 65 / 0.97 R. balteatus (KT9001b) R. balteatus 87 / 97 1.0 R. balteatus (TE7214b) R. balteatus (DB9251a) 79 / 79 0.96 R. balteatus (SL7871a) R. balteatus (SL7871b) R. balteatus (SI8452) 83 / 64 / 0.99 R. balteatus (EK7334) nuDNA - S7 first intron R. balteatus (EK7335) 64 / 65 0.99 R. balteatus (HN7234) R. balteatus (MN8042) 70 / 81 1.00 R. balteatus (TE7214a) R. balteatus (TE7216) R. balteatus (TP7284) R. balteatus (DB9252b) R. balteatus (CA6291b) R. egregius (WK7277a) 70 / <60 / 0.93 R. egregius (MC7881b) R. egregius R. egregius (WK7275) 81 / 64 1.00 R. egregius (WK7277b) R. egregius (MC7881a) 0.2 R. egregius (TK7265a) 62 / 65 / 0.98 65 / 69 / 0.99 R. egregius (TK7265b)

  16. M. caurinus C1 C. elongatus C. funduloides C2 C2 C1 I. phlegethontis R. egregius (E) R. egregius (W) R. balteatus (Co) 10 4 8 6 0 2 Earliest known Mylocheilus fossil (7.0 Ma) R. balteatus (Ci) Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene Time (My) Earliest known Richardsonius fossil (3.5 Ma) R. balteatus (B)

  17. M. caurinus C1 C. elongatus C. funduloides C2 I. phlegethontis 5.7 4.9 R. egregius (E) R. egregius (W) R. balteatus (Co) 10 4 8 6 0 2 mtDNA R. balteatus (Ci) Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene nuDNA Time (My) R. balteatus (B)

  18. Saskatchewan River Missouri River Miocene – Pliocene - Missouri River connection Fish Smith, 1981; Smith et al., 2000 Spring Snails Hershler & Gustafson, 2001 Hershler et al., 2008 Columbia River Klamath River Snake River River Hum River boldt Sacramento ? Colorado River

  19. M. caurinus C1 C. elongatus C. funduloides C2 I. phlegethontis 3.7 3.5 R. egregius (E) R. egregius (W) R. balteatus (Co) 10 4 8 6 0 2 mtDNA R. balteatus (Ci) Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene nuDNA Time (My) R. balteatus (B)

  20. Pliocene connections between Bonneville and Lahontan Basins Fish Miller, 1958; Minckley et al., 1986 Mollusks Taylor, 1985

  21. M. caurinus C1 C. elongatus C. funduloides C2 I. phlegethontis R. egregius (E) R. egregius (W) 2.8 2.1 R. balteatus (Co) 10 4 8 6 0 2 mtDNA R. balteatus (Ci) Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene nuDNA Time (My) R. balteatus (B)

  22. Saskatchewan River Missouri River Snake River capture 3.2 – 2.5 Ma Link et al., 2002 Beranek et al., 2006 Event may have put both species of Richardsonius on unique evolutionary trajectories. Columbia River Hells Canyon Klamath River Snake River River Hum River boldt Sacramento Colorado River

  23. M. caurinus C1 C. elongatus C. funduloides C2 I. phlegethontis R. egregius (E) 1.4 1.5 R. egregius (W) R. balteatus (Co) 10 4 8 6 0 2 mtDNA 1.6 R. balteatus (Ci) 1.8 Miocene Pliocene Pleistocene nuDNA Time (My) R. balteatus (B)

  24. Acknowledgements Advisory Committee Dr. John Klicka Dr. Javier Rodríguez Dr. Stephen Rowland UNLV Systematics Group Stacy Mantooth Markus Mika Brian Smith Garth Spellman Jeff DaCosta Rob Bryson Sean Neiswenter Lois Alexander Tereza Jezkova Mallory Eckstut Others Funding National Science Foundation Graduate and Professional Student Association (UNLV) Provided Samples Gavin Hanke – RBCM Mike McGee – BLM Jerry Vogt – ODFW Paul Sheerer – ODFW Jay Potter – ODFW Dan Jenkins - ODFW Nathan Brindza – IDFG Kim Tisdale - NDOW Matt McKell – UDWR

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