Library Technology

1. Library Technology Pre-Conference: Portals in Libraries June 25, 2004 Krisellen Maloney University of Arizona Libraries

2. references: • Atkins, Daniel E., et. al. 2003. "Revolutionizing Science and Engineering through Cyberinfrastructure: Report of the National Science Foundation Blue Ribbon Advisory Panel on Cyberinfrastructure." • Dempsey, Lorcan. 2003. “The Recombinant Library:Portals and People.” Journal of Library Administration, 39, 4:103-136. • Maloney, Krisellen & Paul Bracke. “Library Portal Technologies.” Forthcoming Journal of Library Administration. • McLean, Neal & Clifford Lynch. 2004. “Interoperability between Library Information Services and Learning Environments – Bridging the Gaps.” A Joint White Paper on behalf of the IMS Global Learning Consortium and the Coalition for Networked Information.

3. overview • motivation: current issues • the library portal • services: a changed perspective • service-oriented technology • libraries • learning • research • issues for planning

4. motivation: current issues • moving from a centralized access system to multiple distributed systems • increased availability of information from multiple resources • library services are often bundled based on library infrastructure • the user is responsible for understanding the history and operation of the library

5. motivation: current issues “There is a growing acceptance that simply making resources available without an additional level of services may not be very effective” (McLean & Lynch p.3)

6. the library portal • a software suite that provides users with customized access to information resources and tools • a continuum of strategies that provide a range of integration levels • ‘p-portals’ provide integrated access to content at the user-interface level • ‘m-portals’ provide integrated access at a programming level

7. p-portal framework • customized selection of resources • customized presentation • services such as RSS reader Library Portal presentation Museums and Archives Repositories information Vetted Free Resources Licensed Content Libraries

8. m-portal framework Library Portal presentation • m-portal framework allows services to be presented to the user at a more meaningful level of abstraction (e.g.): • allows libraries to design services that require multiple interactions with numerous services • simplifies and unifies the presentation of information for users • provides a means to move information between library systems and services Museums and Archives Repositories integration information Vetted Free Resources Licensed Content Libraries

9. services: a changed perspective “It is sometimes suggested that content is king, that the major imperative is to make collections available”… “Appropriate services make our collections come alive” (Dempsey p.28)

10. services: a changed perspective • current systems typically organized around data resources • the integration layer can allow us to reorganize our systems to better support user services

11. services: a changed perspective Two types of services: • services that directly support the user • services that support other services

12. service-oriented technology • applications that support user tasks • retain context (e.g., state, user) • use standard services Library Portal presentation metasearching tools obtaining resources result set management knowledge management integration Vetted Free Resources Museums and Archives Licensed Content Libraries Repositories information

13. service-oriented technology Library Portal presentation metasearching tools obtaining resources result set management knowledge management Standard Harvester (OAI) Location Resolver (OpenURL) Citation Management Services Resource Management Services Interlibrary Loan Service integration Standard Broadcast (Z39.50, SRU/SRW) Search Adapters (non-standard) Alerting and Notification Services Preference Management Services Circulation Management Services Vetted Free Resources Museums and Archives Licensed Content Libraries Repositories information

14. service-oriented technology • On integration of information and learning environments: “This approach requires a conceptual shift away from a traditional systems architecture viewpoint to one where applications become defined by the service provided and the services that can be accessed.” (McLean & Lynch p. 14)

15. service-oriented technology • NSF Cyberinfrastructure specifies a service layer that includes: • Data, information, knowledge management services • Collaboration services

16. service-oriented technology presentation Learning Environment Library Portal University Portal Research Environment metasearching tools obtaining resources result set management knowledge management Standard Harvester (OAI) Location Resolver (OpenURL) Citation Management Services Resource Management Services Interlibrary Loan Service integration Standard Broadcast (Z39.50, SRU/SRW) Search Adapters (non-standard) Alerting and Notification Services Preference Management Services Circulation Management Services Vetted Free Resources Museums and Archives Licensed Content Libraries Repositories information

17. centralized services/registries • services that are used by many systems (e.g., institutional, national) to improve services • terminology services • collection and service registries • authentication/authorization services

18. service-oriented technology Learning Environment Library Portal University Portal Research Environment terminology services presentation metasearching tools obtaining resources result set management knowledge management collection services Standard Harvester (OAI) Location Resolver (OpenURL) Citation Management Services Resource Management Services Interlibrary Loan Service authentication services integration Standard Broadcast (Z39.50, SRU/SRW) Search Adapters (non-standard) Alerting and Notification Services Preference Management Services Circulation Management Services Vetted Free Resources Museums and Archives Licensed Content Libraries Repositories information

19. terminology services • services that provide alternate terms that can be used expand a search • experimental and limited in scope at this time

20. collection services • registries that share information about collections and services • most effective if machine level integration is available • currently registries of Z39.50 services exist • the focus of a NISO metasearch study group

21. authentication/authorization • authentication: verifies that you are who you say you are • authorization: determines if you are allowed to use a resource • single-sign-on: a methodology for passing your credentials so that all systems know who you are

22. identity management • identity management provides a framework that allows authentication/authorization information to: • be administered • have common definitions of attributes • provide a mechanism to ensure privacy • allow multiple trust relationships • shibboleth is an example • for universal access it will be necessary to develop and use (international) standards • the focus of a NISO metasearch study group

23. issues for planning • identify services (applications) that are important to users • identify generalizations of common services (tools) that support other services • conceptualize library technology as an integrated whole

24. issues for planning • integration services simplify access for users • automates system to system communication • uses information about the user to make decisions • standards are emerging but not sufficient • there is an enormous amount of new configuration metadata that must be developed to hide complexity from the user

25. issues for planning • Examples of configuration metadata: • metasearching: • collection description • result set mapping • link resolution • mapping citation information to OpenURL • mapping OpenURL to target URL • creating display ordering rules • etc.

26. issues for planning • without the presence of robust standards integration is expensive and time-consuming • understand the configuration that will be required and determine who is responsible for maintenance

27. Thank you Krisellen Maloney, Ph.D. Digital Library Information Systems University of Arizona Tucson, Arizona maloneyk@u.library.arizona.edu

28. Presentation Learning Management Library Portal Institutional Portals Systems Local/ Institutional Global Services Integration Services t n x o e i t s Metasearching n s o e C S Citation Resource Citation Resource Standard Open URL Standard Open URL Management Management Management Management Harvesters (OAI) Resolvers Harvesters (OAI) Resolvers Services Services Services Services s User Account/ e User Account/ Standard c Standard i Save/re-execute Non-Standard Preference v Save/re-execute Non-Standard Preference r Broadcast (Z39.50, Federated (Z39.50, e Search Service Search Adapters Management Search Service Search Adapters Management S SRW, SRU) SRW, SRU) Services Services Circulation Alerting and Circulation Alerting and Management Proxy Services Notification Management Proxy Services Notification Services Services Services Services Information Resources Libraries, Licensed Museums & Content Vetted Free Local Library Archives Local Resources System Repositories Discover Access Use Result Set Knowledge Authentication Reference/Help Tools Management Management Services Terminology Services User Preferences Services Collection and Service Registries Local Service Configurations Services Local Indexing Save/re-execute Services Search Service