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MODAL VERBS

MODAL VERBS. BY FERNANDO SANTIAGO and JOSE LUIS LÓPEZ. WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS?. Modal verbs are unusual verbs that express modality . . DIFFERENCES WITH OTHER VERBS. They have some differences from normal verbs, the most important one is :

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MODAL VERBS

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  1. MODAL VERBS BY FERNANDO SANTIAGO and JOSE LUIS LÓPEZ

  2. WHAT ARE MODAL VERBS? • Modal verbs are unusual verbs that express modality.

  3. DIFFERENCES WITH OTHER VERBS • They have some differences from normal verbs, the most important oneis: • Modal verbs do not take "-s" in the third person in singular. • Examples: • He can  speak Chinese. • She should  be here by 9:00.

  4. MODAL VERBS IN PAST Hadto: • SorryI’m late, I hadto post some letters..

  5. Should have and oughtto have: • The parcel I sentyoushould have arrivedbynow. • Youshouldn’t have eaten so muchlastnight. • I should have thoughtyouknew. • Itwasstrange that youshould have beenstaying in the same hotel lastyear. • I’ve done the washing up foryou. –Oh, youreallyshouldn’t have!

  6. Could have and couldn’t have: • David could have won the raceif he hadtried. (possibility/ability)Itcould have beenSue, I suppose. (uncertainty) • Wecouldn’t have beenhappier in thosedays. • Shecould have goneto the party with herfriends. (bus shedidn’t)

  7. Could: • When I was sixteen I couldstayouttill 11.00. (I wasallowedto)Mary couldswimwhenshewasthree. (sheactuallydid)Compare: Mary could have swumwhen se wasthree. (butshedidn’t) May have and might have: • Youmight havedrowned! • I suppose I may have beenrathercritical. • They mightnot have receivedourletteryet.

  8. Youmight have toldme my trousersweresplit! • I might have known that he wouldbe late. Must have and can’t have • Someonemust have takenit. (I am suretheydid)Youcan’t have lostit. (I am sureyoudidn’t) • Surelyyoucan’t haveeatenall of it!Surelyyoumust havenoticedit!

  9. Wouldnot: • Everyonewasangrybecause Sam wouldn’tturn off the television. Would have: • I would have acceptedthisjob, but I didn’twanttomovehouse. • A: Someonecalledafteryouleftbutdidn’tleave a message.B: That would have beenCathy, probably.

  10. Needn’t have and didn’tneedto: • Youneedn’t have paidall at once. (youdidpay) • I didn’tneedtogoto the dentistagain, luckily. Adverbs and modals: • Youcouleasily have beenkilled. I mightjusttake up on that.Youcouldn’treally have managedwithout me. I mightwell decide to come.

  11. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT Don’thaveto and Mustnot • Don’thaveto and mustnot: • Don’thaveto: • Youdon’thavetoworktomorrow

  12. Don’thaveto and Mustnot • Mustnot • Youmustnotleavetheroomuntilwefinishourpresentation

  13. MODAL VERBS IN PRESENT AND FUTURE Should • Expectation: • This film *shouldbeverygood • Recommendation • I thinkyou*shouldtalkitover with yourparents • Criticism of anaction • You *shouldn’teat so much late at night

  14. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Should • Uncertainty • Should I leavethispapersonthedesk? • Should and verbs of thinking • I shouldthinkthatmodelwouldsell quite well • Conditionalsentences

  15. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Could • Isusedtoexpresspossibilityoruncertainty • Thiscouldbethehouse • Toexpresspossibilityorimpossibility • Thesituationcouldn’tbeworse

  16. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Could • Tomakesuggestions • Wecouldgotoseethat film • Toexpressunwillingness • I couldn’tpossiblyleave Tim hereonhisown

  17. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Can • Tomakecriticism • You can beveryannoying, youknow! • Torefertocapability • Winter here can bereallycold

  18. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Must and can’t • Theyonlyrefertopresent time. Ifthey are expressingcertainty, they are opposites: • Thismustbeour stop • Thiscan’tbeour stop

  19. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE May and might • Toexpressalthoughclauses • Shemaybetheboss, butthatis no excuse forshoutinglikethat • May/might as well • Nobodyelseisgoingtoturn up nowforthelesson, so youmay as wellgo home

  20. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE May and might • Bothexpressuncertainty. Mayisoftenused in formal language • Thepeaceconferencemayfind a solutiontotheproblem • Special use: • Try as I might, I couldnotpass my driving test

  21. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Shall • Toemphasizesomethingthatthe speaker wantstohappen • I shallgive up smoking thisyear • Formal rules and regulations • No playershall pick up ormovetheball of anotherplayer

  22. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Will • Toexpressanassumption • Subject A: Thephone’sringing • Subejct B: that’llbefor me • Will/won`t can beusedtoemphasizeanaction, forbidit in response to a willaction • I’lltakethemoneyanyway! • Youwon’t • I will

  23. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Would • Oftenusedwhere a conditionalsenseisunderstoodbutnotstated • Nobodywouldagreethat idea

  24. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Need and needto • Needtois a modal auxilary and behaveslikea normal verb • Do youneedto use thephotocopier? • Needis a modal auxiliary, butmainly in question and negativeforms • Needyoumake so muchnoise?

  25. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Dare • Can beanintransitiveverbfollowedbyinfinitivewith “to” • I didn’tdaretosayanything • It can alsobe a modal auxiliary, mainly in questions and negatives • Shedarenotrefuse

  26. MODAL VERBS IN THE PRESENT AND FUTURE Non-modal expressions • Hadbetter: recommendation • You’dbetternotphoneheragain • Be boundto: makes a futureprediction of certainty • It’sboundto rain tomorrow

  27. Exercises • http://www.englishpage.com/modals/interactivemodal1.htm • http://www.mansioningles.com/gram62.htm

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