1 / 22

Narcotic Drugs

Narcotic Drugs. Pharmacologically classified as an analgesic Central Nervous System Depressants Popular drugs – heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone and propoxyphene. Hallucinogens. Marijuana Derived from the plant Cannabis Hashish – concentrated

djudith
Télécharger la présentation

Narcotic Drugs

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Narcotic Drugs • Pharmacologically classified as an analgesic • Central Nervous System Depressants • Popular drugs – heroin, morphine, codeine, methadone and propoxyphene

  2. Hallucinogens • Marijuana • Derived from the plant Cannabis • Hashish – concentrated • Sinsemilla – unfertilized flowering tops of the female Cannabis plant • Active ingredient is THC • Potency is normally 4-5% • Simsemilla averages 6-12% • Liquid hashish averages 8-22% • Potential medical uses

  3. Hallucinogens • LSD – derived from ergot, a fungus of certain grains and grasses • Powerful drug • Visual hallucinations, changes in moods, anxiety, tension, etc • Flashbacks possible

  4. Hallucinogens • Phencyclidine – PCP • Human response unpredictable • Dangerous drug – paranoia and violence possible • Schizophrenic behavior possible days after use • Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (aka MDMA or ecstasy) • Originally patented as appetite suppressant • Severe adverse reactions, including fatal side effects

  5. Depressants • Alcohol (aka ethanol, ethyl alcohol, booze, etc.) • Central nervous system depressant • Legalized and most widely used drug • A common effect is impairment • Legal blood alcohol level in Oklahoma is 0.10%, or 100 mg/dL • Barbiturates • All are derivatives of barbituric acid • Big 5: amobarbital, secobarbital, phenobarbital, pentobarbital and butalbital • Methaqualon • . Tranquilizers • Major players: reserpine, chlorpromazine, meprobamate, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam • Inhalants • Volatile organic solvents – toluene, naphtha, gasoline among others • Initial exhilaration and euphoria followed by impaired judgment, drowsiness and stupor • Danger of liver, heart and brain damage

  6. Stimulants • Amphetamines • Initial feeling of well-being and alertness followed by fatigue and a loss of appetite • Amphetamine, methamphetamine and “ice” (crystal meth) are favorites • Phenmetrazine and phendimetrazine have similar properties • Cocaine • First used medically by Freud in Europe • Medical use is now limited • Extracted from the leaves of coca plant (Erythroxylon coca) • “Crack” cocaine is the drug of choice • Cocaine produces the strongest psychological compulsions for continued use

  7. Anabolic Steroids • Synthetic chemicals related to testosterone • Used to promote muscle growth • Synthetic hormones have an androgenic effect • Medical side effects include liver damage, infertility, diminished sexual drive, and depression

  8. Drug Control Laws Controlled Substances Act • Federal law restricting the manufacture and distribution of dangerous substances • The U.S. Attorney General has the authority to change the schedules • The criminal penalties associated with this law are greatest with schedules I and II. • Schedule I • No medical use • High potential for abuse • Heroin, LSD, methaqualone and marijuana

  9. Controlled Substances Act • Schedule II • High potential for abuse • Accepted medical use • Potential for psychological or physical dependence • Cocaine, opiates, PCP, amphetamines, methadone and fast-acting barbiturates • Schedule III • Less potential for abuse than schedules I and II • Currently accepted medical use • Potential for low or moderate physical dependence or high psychological dependence • Anabolic steroids, some codeine preparations and some barbiturate preparations (phenobarbital not included)

  10. Controlled Substances Act • Schedule IV • Low potential for abuse relative to schedule III drugs • Currently accepted medical use • Relatively low limited dependence risk • Propoxyphene, phenobarbital, meprobamate, diazepam and chlordiazepoxide • Schedule V • Low abuse potential • Medical use • Less potential for producing dependency • Certain opiate drug mixtures that contain non-narcotic medicinal ingredients

  11. Controlled Substances Act • Designer drugs • Can be placed under schedule I • Fentanyl analogues • Control of chemical precursors • Example – precursors to amphetamine, methamphetamine and PCP are controlled as schedule II substances

  12. Drug Identification • Screening tests • Color tests • Marquis – purple color in presence of opiates and orange-brown in presence of amphetamines • Dillie-Koppanyi – violet-blue color in presence of barbiturates • Duquenois-Levine – purple color in presence of marijuana • Van Urk – blue-purple color in presence of LSD • Scott – blue color in presence of cocaine • Microcrystalline tests • TLC • Gas chromatography • HPLC • UV Spectroscopy

  13. Drug Identification • Confirmation tests • IR spectroscopy – fingerprint of an organic compound • GC/MS – the gold standard

  14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cocaine

  15. http://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/MassSpec/masspec1.htmhttp://www.cem.msu.edu/~reusch/VirtualText/Spectrpy/MassSpec/masspec1.htm

More Related