Vascular Plants with Seeds

1. Vascular Plants with Seeds

2. Vascular Plants with Seeds Two main types 1. Gymnosperms 2. Angiosperms

3. Gymnosperms • “naked seed “ plants • seeds in cones or scales • Includes: 5 phyla 1. Phylum Coniferophyta 2. Phylum Cycadophyta 4. Phylum Ginkgophyta 5. Phylum Gnetophyta

4. Phylum Coniferophyta 1. Common name: Conifers 2. Examples: pines, firs, spruces, junipers, larches, yews 3. Needle or scale-like leaves 4. Most of the evergreen trees or shrubs

5. Phylum Cycadophyta • Common name: Cycads • Example : Cycas • Palm-like leaves, lives in tropics • Evergreen trees and shrubs

6. Phylum Ginkgophyta • Common name : Ginkgoes • Example: Ginkgobiloba • Only one remaining species • Deciduous trees with fan-shaped leaves • Fleshy seeds • Used as a memory-enhancing food supplement

7. Phylum Gnetophyta Stimulant used in diet supplement • Common name: Gnetales • Examples : Ephedra, Welwitschia • Gymnosperm (“naked seed” shrub or vine with some angiosperm characteristics Welwitschia mirabilis

8. Angiosperms • Plants with seeds inside fruits • Includes : trees, shrubs, herbs, or vines with flowers • One phylum : Phylum Anthophyta sage rhododendron grape vine

9. Phylum Anthophyta Contains two classes: 1. Class Monocotyledones 2. Class Dicotyledones corn bean

10. Phylum Anthophyta 1. Class Monocotyledones (Monocots) A. Examples : palm trees, grasses, lilies, irises, orchids iris Tiger lily orchid Pampas grass palm

11. Class Monocotyledones B. Embryos with one seed leaf (cotyledon)

12. Class Monocotyledones C. Parallel leaf veins

13. Class Monocotyledones D. Flower parts in threes or multiples of three

14. Class Monocotyledones E. Vascular bundles in stems scattered randomly

15. Phylum Anthophyta 2. Class Dicotyledones (Dicots) A. Examples: roses, daisies, most deciduous trees

16. Class Dicotyledones B. Embryos with two seed leaves cotyledons Bean seedling

17. Class Dicotyledones C. Leaf veins in a net-like pattern (palmate or pinnate) Palmate venation Pinnate venation

18. Class Dicotyledones D. Flower parts in groups of four or five

19. Class Dicotyledones E. Vascular bundles in stems arranged in a ring pattern

21. Angiosperms(a.k.a., flowering plants) (♀) Carpel Flower stalk expands at the tip into a receptacle - bears other flower parts in whorls (circles) Stigma Style Ovary Petal Anther Filament Sepal (♂) Stamen Ovule Receptacle

22. Angiosperms Key Haploid Diploid Microsporangium Anthers contain microsporangia that produce microspores Microspore Meiosis Pollen Each microspore forms a pollen grain (a male gametophyte) Sporophyte Meiosis Megasporangium Gametophytes Ovules contain megasporangia that produce megaspores Megaspore Embryo sac Each megaspore forms an embryo sac (a female gametophyte) Fertilization Fig. 30.10

23. Angiosperms Key Haploid Diploid Microsporangium Pollen disperses to stigmas Microspore Meiosis Double fertilization is unique to angiosperms Pollen Sporophyte Seedling Sperm enter an ovule through a micropyle Meiosis Megasporangium Gametophytes Megaspore From a single pollen grain, one sperm unites with the egg to produce a zygote; Embryo Embryo sac Egg the second sperm unites with 2 nuclei of the embryo sac to produce triploid (3n) endosperm Zygote 2 sperm Fertilization Fig. 30.10 Endosperm