Scoping Work on Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Development Co-operation

1. Scoping Work on Mainstreaming Biodiversity into Development Co-operation The OECD Development Assistance Committee Anna Drutschinin, OECD Development Co-operation Directorate 13 October 2014, Pyeongchang, Korea

2. Outline of presentation • Trends in biodiversity-related aid • How much bilateral aid is flowing to biodiversity and how does it support other objectives? • What sectors and countries are top recipients? • Development assistance support for capacity-building • Development assistance to partner countries to mainstream biodiversity • Development co-operation agency practices and strategies to mainstream biodiversity

3. How much bilateral aid is flowing to biodiversity? • Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014 • Bilateral biodiversity-related aid commitments by OECD DAC members reached USD 5.6 billion per year in 2010-12, representing 4% of total bilateral aid and 4% of total activities. Lower bound (aid targeting biodiversity as a principal objective) = USD 2.3bn • Development co-operation providers are increasingly targeting environmental synergies and co-benefits with their aid. • In 2010-12, of total biodiversity-related bilateral aid, 82% also targets climate change (adaptation, mitigation or both) and/or desertification.

4. Which sectors are receiving biodiversity-related aid? Five main sectors receiving biodiversity-related aid­­ Average 2010-12, bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014 Aid is concentrated: Over 80% of biodiversity-related aid in 2010-12 was in the sectors of general environment protection, agriculture, forestry, fishing, rural development, and water supply and sanitation Biodiversity-related aid represents a significant share of total aid to forestry (71%), fishing (39%), general environmental protection (37%), agriculture (16%) and water supply and sanitation (15%).

5. Which countries are receiving biodiversity-related aid? Top ten countries receiving biodiversity-related aid­­ Average 2010-12, bilateral commitments, USD billion, constant 2012 prices Source: OECD DAC Statistics, October 2014 • In absolute terms, biodiversity-related aid concentrated in Brazil and India. • In relative terms, biodiversity the greatest focusof aid commitments to Guyana (61% of bilateral aid had a biodiversity-related objective in 2010-12), Brazil (33%), Maldives (29%), Mauritius (20%) and Honduras (19%)

6. Development assistance support for capacity building • Estimated bilateral support for biodiversity-related capacity building increased from approximately 25% of total bilateral biodiversity-related ODA in 2004-06 (USD 0.8 billion per year) to approximately 44% in 2010-12 (USD 2.5 billion per year). • Roughly equal across all income groups and regions (Europe is slightly higher (56%), Oceania is slightly lower (34%)). • Predominantly targeting biodiversity as a significant objective (70%) • Predominantly delivered through grants (88%) • 85% supporting policy and administrative management (especially in environment and forestry, but also in agriculture, water, fishing, tourism, trade) • 12% supports biodiversity-related research, education and training

7. Development assistance to partner countries to mainstream biodiversity • Financial and technical support to employ the mainstreaming policies and tools available • Belgium: communication, education, awareness through national Clearing House Mechanisms in Benin, Niger • Germany: technical support and training on Strategic Environmental Assessment in in mining and biofuels in Namibia • France: supporting Fair Trade Africa certification scheme to integrate biodiversity considerations into production systems in West African countries

8. Development co-operation agency practices and strategies to mainstream biodiversity • Some agencies have introduced compulsory screening of their aid projects for impacts on biodiversity • e.g. Australia, Austria, EU, France, Germany, Japan, Sweden, US • If potential impact on biodiversity detected: compulsory Environmental Impact Assessment/Environment Management Plan • More development co-operation agencies are developing biodiversity strategies/policies in which mainstreaming is a key pillar • e.g. EU, France, Germany, US

9. OECD DAC CRS Rio marker statistics, analysis & access to datahttp://oe.cd/RMBiodiversity-related statistics and analysishttp://www.oecd.org/dac/stats/biodiversity.htmRio markers training workshop: www.oecd.org/dac/environment-development/training-workshop.htmOECD Environment and Development Homepagewww.oecd.org/dac/environment-development Rio Markers: Stephanie.Ockenden@OECD.organd Valerie.Gaveau@OECD.org Biodiversity and Development: Anna.Drutschinin@oecd.org and Juan.CasadoAsensio@oecd.org