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Unit #4 – Morality and Ethics

Unit #4 – Morality and Ethics. HRE 40 Mr. Carney. Today…. We will explore Kohlbergs theory of Moral Development. Make a chart in your notebooks similar to the following format: As each stage is presented in this powerpoint presentation, provide your own example. Lawrence Kohlberg.

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Unit #4 – Morality and Ethics

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  1. Unit #4 – Morality and Ethics HRE 40 Mr. Carney

  2. Today… • We will explore Kohlbergs theory of Moral Development. • Make a chart in your notebooks similar to the following format: • As each stage is presented in this powerpoint presentation, provide your own example.

  3. Lawrence Kohlberg • Was a developmental theorist / psychologist • He developed a theory based on Jean Piaget work. • Kohlberg outlined a series of ‘predictable stages’ pertaining to ones own moral development. • Kohlberg believed that once a stage has been reached, it is unlikely that an individual will revert to a previous stage. • He also believed that stages could not be ‘skipped’ … • Individuals must pass through in this particular order.

  4. Kohlberg - Stages of Moral Development • PRECONVENTIONAL LEVEL: FOCUS ON THE SELF • Stage #1 - Punishment and Obedience • Stage #2 - Personal Reward / Personal Usefulness • CONVENTIONAL LEVEL: FOCUS ON THE GROUP • Stage #3 - Conforming to the will of the group • Stage #4 – Law and Order • POSTCONVENTIONAL LEVEL: FOCUS ON PRINCIPLES • Stage #5 - Social Contract • Stage #6 - Personal Conscience

  5. Stage 1 – Punishment and Obedience • Good or bad is seen in terms of obeying authority and avoiding punishment. Something is seen as okay as long as the person isn’t caught and or punished. The consequences to others aren’t as important as they’re not getting hurt. (As a child, why did you do the things you were told to do? Why did you NOT do what you were told was “wrong”?) • Avoidance of punishment is the key motivation. • The person submits to power and authority in order to avoid punishment.

  6. Your own notes… • In your note books, provide one made up example of this stage to help deepen your understanding.

  7. Stage 2 – Personal Usefulness • Right is what makes ME feel good; wrong is what makes me feel bad or gives ME pain. If I am concerned about someone else, it is only because of what I can get out of it. (If I’m nice to you, you’ll be nice to me).

  8. Your own notes… • In your note books, provide one made up example of this stage to help deepen your understanding.

  9. Stage 3 – Conforming to the will of the group • Right or wrong depends on what makes other people happy or unhappy. If “everybody does it” then it’s okay; if everyone says it’s wrong, then it’s wrong for me too. This is the peer pressure stage where moral decisions are made based on what will cause others to accept or reject me.

  10. Your own notes… • In your note books, provide one made up example of this stage to help deepen your understanding.

  11. Stage 4 – Law and Order • Right is what the law - or any legitimate authority – says is right. For someone at this stage there is no room or need to think or make an individual moral decision because it has already been determined by “law”. (It must be alright because my parents, peers, employers, teachers, etc. don’t object).

  12. Your own notes… • In your note books, provide one made up example of this stage to help deepen your understanding.

  13. Stage 5 – Social Contract • One goes beyond law and order or the approval of others. Here, the individual believes that what is right is what is good for the rest of society. The common good is the goal. Rules are obeyed, not because of fear of punishment, but because one sees these rules as necessary for the protection of the rights of everyone.

  14. Your own notes… • In your note books, provide one made up example of this stage to help deepen your understanding.

  15. Stage 6 – Personal Conscience • The highest level of moral development is the stage at which one operates based on universal ethical principles – those things upon which laws, rules and commandments are based. At this stage one would be willing to risk punishment for an act which he/she knows to be right in principle but which others – maybe a whole society - may find wrong. The basis for these principles is the welfare of ALL persons; the goal is to bring about the GREATEST GOOD FOR ALL HUMANITY.

  16. Your own notes… • In your note books, provide one made up example of this stage to help deepen your understanding.

  17. On your own… • Please carefully examine the questions on the handout “Moral Decision Making Worksheet” • As consolidation to the learning today, identify the appropriate stages according to Kohlberg’s theory of moral development and state why you selected that stage. • Please have this completed for homework. • Also – read “Heinz’s dilemma”, and provide at least 2 options that you feel Heinz has…

  18. Just to recap… • Today you have made your own examples of each of Kohlberg’s stages • You have completed the Moral Decision Making Worksheet as a consolidation of the theory • You have read “Heinz’s Dilemma” and provided two options that you feel he has.

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