1. Ancient Japan 10,000 BCE – 1200 CE

2. Quiz 1 • What is surprising to Archaeologists regarding Japan’s earliest history? • Japanese civilization comes from mainland Asia. • Japan produced pottery during the old stone age period. • Japanese civilization grew up first along the coastlines. • Japanese gods are the same gods worshipped by the Chinese.

3. Japanese Origins • 30,000 BCE human habitation • 10,000 BCE Pottery • Pottery in an old-stone-age hunter-gatherer culture

4. Quiz #2 • What is important to Archaeologists about the Yayoi period? • The sudden change from hunter-gatherer to agricultural society • The development of Buddhism • The arrival of law from China • The development of an indigenous form of Japanese writing.

5. The Yayoi Revolution • 300 BCE sudden change in culture • Agriculture, bronze & iron implements • Sudden nature of change and similarity to contemporary Asian mainland cultures suggests migration.

6. The Spread of Yayoi Culture • Used boats to migrate up and down the coast • Early villages located next to fields • Warring between local groups led to changes in locations and tools • Clear relation to modern Japan

7. KofunPeriod

8. Quiz #3 • What is the importance of the Kofun period in understanding ancient Japanese history? • They show the layers of migration that has contributed to Japanese history. • They show how much power the leaders buried in these tombs had to command labor and resources. • They show the ritual dress and military items used by people living in the Kofun period. • They show that Japan was just an extension of China.

9. A New Hierarchical Society

10. Japan and the Korean Kingdoms • Japan allied with Paekche & Kaya • From Paekche – • Chinese characters • Confucianism • Buddhism • Weapons & iron technology • Farming techniques • Political ideas

11. Nara and Heian Japan • Adoption of Chinese Civilization • Three stages between 7th & 12th Centuries • 7th Century - Learning about China • 8th-9th Centuries – implanting Chinese institutions in Japan • Transforming Chinese institutions to fit Japanese realities

12. Asuka Period 593-710 CE • Prince Shotoku • Fujiwara no Kamatari • 680’s Emperor Temmu • Buddhism • Moving capitals • Structuring of administrative system • Missions to China

13. Nara Period 710-794 CE • Capital City Nara (Heijo) • Tang-style design • Buddhism is a critical element of legitimacy • Writing is Chinese

14. Heian Kyo 794-1284CE

15. Taiho Code • Land Reform • All Land belongs to Emperor • Land divided into equal parcels • Some more equal than others • Proximity to Emperor allows for Shoen • Commendation of land to avoid taxes • Creation of private armies

16. Rise of the Samurai • Changes in military staffing systems • Local warrior bands become warrior clans for hire • Minamoto and Taira fight over court control 935-940.

17. Question • Did borrowing from China fundamentally change Japan during the Nara and Heian periods? • Did Japan fundamentally change what it borrowed? Give examples.