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Contingency-Constrained PMU Placement in Power Networks

This paper presents a comprehensive study on the optimal placement of Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) in power networks while considering various contingency constraints. We formulate the problem using Integer Linear Programming (ILP) to minimize the number of PMUs required for topological observability, addressing factors such as zero-injection buses and line outage contingencies. Experimental results utilizing standard IEEE test systems are provided, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed model. The study highlights the importance of communication constraints and offers a practical solution for power system management.

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Contingency-Constrained PMU Placement in Power Networks

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  1. Contingency-Constrained PMUPlacement in Power Networks FarrokhAminifar, AminKhodaei, Mahmud Fotuhi-Firuzabad, and Mohammad Shahidehpour

  2. Outline • Introduction • Problem Formulation • Integer Linear Programming • Experimental Results • Conclusion

  3. Definition • PMU is a device for synchronizing ac voltage and current measurements with a common time reference. http://criepi.denken.or.jp/en/system/common/img/unit/unit1_ind_pic2.gif http://www.phasor-rtdms.com/phaserconcepts/images/pmu.jpg

  4. Problem Formulation • The objective of PMU placement problem is to find the minimum # of PMUs as well as their placement to make the power network topologically observable. bus 12 bus 13 bus 14 bus 10 bus 9 bus 6 bus 11 bus 7 bus 8 bus 5 bus 4 bus 3 bus 1 bus 2

  5. ILP Notation

  6. Traditional ILP Formulation bus 12 bus 13 bus 14 bus 10 bus 9 bus 6 bus 11 bus 7 bus 8 bus 5 bus 4 bus 3 bus 1 bus 2 a12 =1

  7. New Constraints in This Work • Effect of Zero-Injection Buses • Loss of Measurement Contingency • Line Outage Contingency • Measurement Limitations

  8. Zero-Injection Buses Parameter “z” is a binary parameter that is equal to 1 if bus is a zero-injection bus and 0 otherwise

  9. Zero-Injection Buses (Cont.) bus 12 bus 13 bus 14 bus 10 bus 9 bus 6 bus 11 bus 7 bus 8 bus 5 bus 4 bus 3 bus 1 bus 2

  10. Loss of Measurement Contingency

  11. Loss of Measurement Contingency (Cont.)

  12. Line Outage Contingency

  13. Line Outage Contingency (Cont.)

  14. Measurement Limitations

  15. Experimental Setup • The standard IEEE 14, IEEE 30, IEEE 39, IEEE 57 and IEEE 118 are investigated. • CPLEX solver is used to solve the ILP.

  16. Experimental Results

  17. Comparing to other works (Cont.)

  18. Conclusions • A fast and practical model based on integer linear programming is proposed for solving the optimal PMU placement problem. • Different contingency conditions associated with power systems, i.e., line outages and loss of measurements were considered. • Communication constraints of power networks were considered as measurement limitations and included in the model.

  19. Thanks • Questions?

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