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Understanding Chloroplasts and Energy Dynamics in Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

This educational resource explores the vital role of chloroplasts in photosynthesis, highlighting how autotrophs like green plants produce their own food using sunlight. It contrasts them with heterotrophs, such as animals and fungi, that obtain energy by consuming other organisms. The text also discusses how cells use ATP as an energy currency, storing and releasing energy for various cellular functions, including active transport, movement, and synthesis. This comprehensive overview emphasizes the importance of carbohydrates in providing energy for living organisms.

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Understanding Chloroplasts and Energy Dynamics in Autotrophs and Heterotrophs

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  1. http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.htmlhttp://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html ENERGY & LIFE8-1 http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG

  2. http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember from BIO 1 _____________ can make their own food usingenergy from sunlight. AUTOTROPHS Ex: Green plants, a few bacteria http://www.seorf.ohiou.edu/~tstork/compass.rose/photosynthesis/chloro_sun_bathing.gif

  3. http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember from BIO 1 HETEROTROPHS __________________ get energy by consumingother organisms Ex: Animals, fungi, most bacteria http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif

  4. Remember from BIO 1 WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? ACTIVE TRANSPORT Na+ - K + PUMPEndocytosis Exocytosis Images: http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm http://www.lionden.com/cell_animations.htm http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/biology/bio4fv/page/cell-movement.html Animation from:

  5. WHAT DO CELLS USE ENERGY FOR ? Movement Synthesis of biomolecules Reproduction Meiosis: http://www.tokyo-med.ac.jp/genet/anm/ Cilia: http://www.sk.lung.ca/content.cfm?edit_realword=hwbreathe Replication: http://www.beyondbooks.com/lif71/4c.asp Transcription:http://www.wappingersschools.org/RCK/staff/teacherhp/johnson/visualvocab/mRNA.gif Translation:

  6. http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember from BIO 1 ONE SPECIAL KIND of NUCLEOTIDE is used by cells to store and transport ENERGY ATP Image by: Riedell

  7. CELLS USE ATP TO STORE and RELEASE ENERGY 3 ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS ATP = __________________________ Adenosine triphosphate

  8. ATP can change into ADP 2 ____ PHOSPHATE GROUPS ADP = __________________________ Adenosine diphosphate

  9. http://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.htmlhttp://www.cat.cc.md.us/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/adpan.html ATP releases energy stored in a high energy chemical bond by removing the phosphate and becoming ADP ATP→ ____ + ____ + ADP

  10. Cells ________ energy by adding the phosphate back on to ADP to make ATP. STORE The energy to do this comes from ____________ like _____________ FOODS GLUCOSE It’s like recharging the battery ! ADP+ ___ + ________ → ___ ATP

  11. Watch a video clip aboutATP FORMATION (8A)

  12. ATP is useful BUT . . . NOT LARGE ATP is great for TRANSFERRING ENERGY, but _____ good for storing ________ amounts of energy for the ______________. A single molecule of GLUCOSE stores more than _________the chemical energy. Cells only keep enough ATP around to last a few seconds and recharge it by burning___________. LONG TERM 90 times glucose http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

  13. http://www.newtonswindow.com/problem-solving.htm Remember from BIO 1 Example: GLUCOSE C6H12O6 CARBOHYDRATES containCarbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen (with a ratio of 1 C: 2 H: 1 O) Image from: http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

  14. MONOSACCHARIDESSingle sugar molecules C6H12O6 C6H12O6 C6H12O6 http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html http://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpg http://217.60.75.10/llt/biokemi/images/galactose.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html C5H10O5

  15. Remember from BIO 1 CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY Cells burn GLUCOSE for their energy needs Images from: http://www.miranda.com/library.en/Images/Pictures/girls-runners.jpg http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html

  16. CARBOHYDRATES are building blocks for other molecules ATP DNA & RNA POLYSACCHARIDES http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookCHEM2.html ATP by Riedell http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/images/dna_bases.gif http://sps.k12.ar.us/massengale/biochemistry_notes_bi_ch3.htm

  17. Remember from BIO 1 Section 2-3 Starch Glucose

  18. Molecules made by joining MANY sugar molecules together are called ___________________ POLYSACCHARIDES EXAMPLES: Image from: http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif

  19. CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY GLYCOGEN is the way _________ cells store GLUCOSE to use later. ANIMAL Image from: http://www.msu.edu/course/lbs/145/smith/s02/graphics/campbell_5.6.gif

  20. CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLY ENERGY STARCH is the way _______ cells store GLUCOSE for later. PLANT Images from: http://bioweb.wku.edu/courses/BIOL115/Wyatt/Biochem/Carbos/Carb_poly.gif http://oregonstate.edu/instruction/bb450/stryer/ch21/Slide24.jpg

  21. The End of 8-1

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