1. EUPHORBIACEAE

2. eurosids I rosids core eudicots eudicots magnoliids monocots Current Angiosperm Phylogeny Group Tree for Flowering Plants 2008 EUPHORBIACEAE

3. Chamaesyce - local euphorb

4. EUPHORBIACEAE, Malpighiales Cymothoë likes Malpighiales, its allies are all Rosid specialists and mostly eurosids I specialists.

5. Achariaceae CARYOCARACEAE – prominent trees in the tropics Ctenolophonaceae EUPHORBIACEAE – GENTRY FAMILY Goupiaceae Humiriaceae Irvingiaceae Ixonanthaceae Lacistemataceae LINACEAE – flax family Lophopixidaceae Pandaceae PHYLLANTHACEAE – formerly part of Euphorbiaceae Picrodendraceae Putranjivaceae RAFFLESIACEAE- parasites including largest flower SALICACEAE – GENTRY FAMILY VIOLACEAE-violets and tropical treelets

8. EUPHORBIACEAE - understory and canopy trees

9. Croton - a classic euphorb: • strong basal veins • milky latex • glands at blade base • imperfect flowers, reduced perianth • -three-carpellate schizocarp

10. Rothschildia is a Croton specialist.

11. Acalypha - Acalypha diversifolia

12. Hevea - the rubber tree

13. Jatropha - physicnut

14. Jatropha - fruits

15. Ricinus - the castorbean

16. The fabled manchineel, Hippomane mancinella

17. Manihot - cassava (tapioca)

18. Aleurites

19. Hura crepitans

20. Delachampia -

21. Euphorbia - the spurges