Wars and Foreign Entanglements

1. Wars and Foreign Entanglements By: Cory Bennett, Dylan Johnson, and Ty Woolf

2. French and Indian War • 1754-1763 • Between Great Britain and France • Both sides utilized Native Americans for their sides. • Fought in North America • Part of the Seven Years War between Britain and France

3. French and Indian War • Fought over Colony possession between France and Britain as well as territorial conquest of the Americas. • Started due to increasing population and need for larger markets and territory between France and Britain • British Victory

4. American Revolution • 1775-1783 • War over American Independence from Britain • United States vs. Great Britain • Fought in North America • The 13 colonies resented British colonial rule without representation from the colonies

5. American Revolution • America fought with conventional as well as guerilla forces against the British, resulting in American independence • American forces won, creating the United States of America • At conclusion of the war, the U.S. created a weak central government – The Articles of Confederation • States were governed by their own state governments and policies.

6. War of 1812 • 1812-1815 • Fought between America and Great Britain • Fought in the United States • War was declared by the United States on Britain for a number of reasons. • America was victorious over Britain…AGAIN!

7. Mexican-American War • 1846-1848 • United States vs. Mexico • America annexed Texas in 1845 • Mexico still saw Texas as Mexican territory even after the Revolution in 1836 • Mexico threatened America with war if U.S. annexed Texas

8. Mexican-American War • American military conquered Mexican territory of now Nevada, Arizona, California • United States Army captured Mexico City, causing Mexico to relinquish control of its conquered territories • Border between Mexico and U.S. is the Rio Grande River.

9. Civil War • 1860-1865 • Fought in the United States • Northern “Free” States vs. Southern “Slave” States • Southern States seceded from the Union to form the Confederacy • War was fought over primarily the abolishment of Slavery in new territories

10. Spanish-American War • April 25, 1898-August 12, 1898 • Fought in Cuba • Started after political pressure on the U.S. Government by the public after the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor • Cubans showed much resistance toward their Spanish rulers

11. Spanish-American War • American public was angered by Spanish atrocities toward the Cuban resistance and civilians • American Naval forces won numerous battles in the Caribbean as well as the Pacific

12. World War I • 1914-1918 • American Intervention: 1917-1918 • Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria (later joined) • Allied Powers: U.S.A., Great Britain, France, Russia (early withdrawal), Italy, Japan (later joined)

13. World War I • Fought in Central Europe and the Atlantic Ocean • Caused by: • 1) Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand, causing polarization of European Powers • 2)Imperialistic Power Tensions

14. World War I • American Intervention caused by: • A) Unrestricted German Submarine Warfare • B) Zimmerman Note from Germany to Mexico

15. World War I • Armistice Signed on November 11, 1918. • Treaty of Versailles ended the war officially June of 1919. • Wilson introduced the League of Nations • American Senate rejected U.S. entry.

16. World War II • 1939-1945 • Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan • Allied Powers: U.S.A., Great Britain, France, Soviet Union • Nazi Germany territorial expansion and fascist policies • Italy signs treaty with Germany and began fascist expansionism • Japan signs treaty with Axis Powers in 1941

17. Chuck Norris was born on May 5th, 1945…the Germans surrendered on may 7th. Coincidence? I think not! World War II • American Intervention: after Pearl Harbor attack by Empire of Japan • Germany declares war on U.S., thus creating a two front war for the United States and her allies. • Germany Surrendered on May 7, 1945 after the fall of Berlin to the Soviets • Japan surrendered September 2, 1945, as a result of the dropping of the A-Bomb.

18. Korean War • 1950-1953 • Enemy: North Korea (Communists) and Communist China • Allies: U.S. and South Korea (Democrats) • North Koreans, backed by China, invaded South Korea • America, following its Containment policy of Communism, aided South Korea

19. Korean War • American UN forces pushed back North Korean forces until China intervened… • War never officially ended…but armistice was signed after stalemated fighting and negotiating lasting for two years. • Current border between North and South Korea is located on the 38th Parallel.

20. Cold War • 1949-1991 • NOT an actual war!!! However… • There were actual confrontations between the two sides militarily • Between the Soviet Union and the U.S. • Mainly a time of political tensions between Communism and Capitalism • Included a series of Arms (Nuclear weapons) and Space Races (Sputnik and Apollo) between the super powers.

21. Cold War • Germany and Berlin split between the allied powers at the conclusion of WWII • Soviets cut off supplies to Western Berlin (Capitalist) to try and starve out democratic powers from Eastern Europe • Warsaw Pact – Soviet Union and its Eastern Bloc “allies” • NATO signed for North Atlantic nations as a trading pact

22. Cold War • Soviet Union collapsed as a result of its immense debt caused by military spending…and Communism • United States came out successful due to lack of financial crumpling but… as a result we are still OWNED by China.

23. Vietnam War • 1955-1975 • Kennedy President • United States, Australia, New Zealand and South Vietnam (Democratic) vs. North Vietnam (Communist), Viet Cong, backed by Soviet Union and China. • Started as a result of the increased Communist aggression by North Vietnam on South Vietnam

24. Vietnam War • Kennedy sent in military advisors to assist South Vietnamese forces in training to combat NVA. • After Gulf of Tonkin Incident, large amounts of U.S. ground troops sent to ‘Nam. • American people saw no real reason to be in Southeast Asia fighting a war that was not ours… • At the conclusion of the Tet Offensive, American public HIGHLY disgusted by American involvement in Vietnam.

25. Vietnam War • Started with Kennedy – “Military Advisors” • Then LBJ – “more troops…” • And Ended with Nixon – “Vietnamization” • After lack of public support and no obvious goal/result, America withdrew…hastily. • No treaty. No pact. No official ending to the war.

26. Vietnam War • American public outraged upon hearing of the My Lai Massacre • Nixon’s Operation Linebacker and Linebacker II both failed and increased public distrust of government. • Nixon’s Operation Menu: Bombing of Laos and Cambodia Operation Linebacker II, December 1972

27. Operation Irene • October 3-October 4, 1993 • Mogadishu, Somalia • U.S. Task Force vs. Somalian Militia • U.S. Delta Force and Rangers were sent in to Mogadishu to capture war lords of the Habr Gidr clan. • Two Black Hawk helicopters shot down by RPGs.

28. Operation Irene • U.S. forces attempting rescue of downed aircraft pilots were cut off • Coalition force of U.S., Pakistan Army, and Malaysian troops

29. Persian Gulf War • 1990-1995 • Iraq vs. mainly U.N. forces (mainly U.S.) • Iraq, led by Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait to control their oil to prosper after a devastating war against Pakistan • U.N. threatened Iraq to withdrawal troops from Kuwait immediately…Iraq did not. Therefore…

30. Persian Gulf War • Coalition forces pushed Iraqi forces back but stopped short of Baghdad, leaving Hussein in power • Operation Desert Storm was the first major police action put forth by the United Nations since its creation. • Saddam Hussein retreated hastily back to Iraq and proceeded to thwart coalition air strikes and advances.

31. Persian Gulf War • Saddam Hussein ordered a “Scorched Earth Policy” throughout his military force as they retreated • Iraqi forces lit oil wells on fire, spilt oil into the Persian Gulf, and launched SCUD missiles onto Israeli civilians along with others

32. The War on Terror • October 27, 2001 – Present • NATO forces (mainly U.S.) vs. al-Qaeda and the Taliban • Caused by the attacks on 9-11 on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. • Criticized by the American public as lacking a defined and identifiable enemy.

33. Operation Iraqi Freedom • 2003-Present • Reason for invasion of Iraq were accusations toward Saddam Hussein on possession of Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical weapons. • Also caused by accusations and assumptions by America of financially aiding families of Palestenian suicide bombers and supporting al-Qaeda

34. Works Cited • America’s History • Liberty, Equality, Power: History of the American People • American Pageant • The Fabulous Century • Vietnam: A History • Battlefield Somalia: The Battle of Mogadishu • www.historycentral.com