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The Hundred Years' War and Social Revolts in 15th Century England

This study explores the key events and causes of the Hundred Years' War, rooted in Edward III's claim to the French throne, and how the plague impacted the conflict. It discusses the rise of social and religious revolts, including the Lollards and the Peasants' Revolt against the Poll Tax. Lastly, it examines the Wars of the Roses, a civil war between the York and Lancaster houses, leading to Henry Tudor's victory at Bosworth and the establishment of the Tudor dynasty.

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The Hundred Years' War and Social Revolts in 15th Century England

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  1. Wars and social revolt p. 18 Millennium 1

  2. STUDY QUESTIONS • What was the reason for the “Hundred Years’ War and how did it develop? • It broke out because of Edward III’s claim to the vacant throne of France. Tragic events such as the Black Death in 1348 compelled the two armies to interrupt the conflict more than once. In the end the English lost all their possessions except Calais. • Why did religious and social revolts break out? • The Lollards attacked the corruption of the Church and spread the knowledge of the Bible throughout the country. They came from the poorer classes. • The Peasants’ Revolt was more a political than a religious revolt: it opposed the Poll Tax: a new form of taxation of 12 pennies for each male in the family over fifteen. • Briefly describe the Wars of the Roses. Point out: • What kind of wars they were • Who fought them • Why they were so called • Who ended them • It was a civil war fought between the two noble houses of York and Lancaster. It got its name after the white and red roses which figured in the two families’ coats of arms. Henry Tudor of the Lancastrian party won the war. He defeated the Yorkish King Richard III at the battle of Bosworth in 1485 and became the new king of England with the title of Henry VII of England.

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