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The Fall of Autocracy in Russia: From Alexander III to the October Revolution

This overview details the transition from the autocratic reign of Alexander III, who reinstated harsh policies and targeted nationalist and Jewish communities, to the tumultuous era of Nicholas II. Amidst military defeats and civil unrest, 1905's Bloody Sunday marked a turning point, igniting widespread protests. The March Revolution in 1917 saw soldiers joining the dissenters, leading to the establishment of a provisional government. The October Revolution allowed Lenin and the Bolsheviks to seize control, culminating in the eruption of the Russian Civil War between the Red and White Armies.

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The Fall of Autocracy in Russia: From Alexander III to the October Revolution

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  1. The Commies Revolt!

  2. The End of Autocracy – Part I • Alexander III ends the reforms of his father and reverts Russia to a police state. • Targets nationalist groups • Forbids the use of any language but Russian • Teachers were required to send detailed reports on the loyalty of all students • Jews were persecuted heavily • Could not own land or live near other Russians • Pogroms (organized violence against Jews) broke out regularly

  3. The End – Part Deux • Nicholas II rises in 1894 • Vows to continue the “just” ruling style of his father • Loses popularity after military losses to Japan in 1904-1905, and heavy losses in World War I • Bloody Sunday • 200,000 workers marched on the winter palace with a petition for better working conditions • Nicholas isn’t home, but generals are, and order the police to open fire killing 500-1000 men, women and children

  4. The End – Really this time • March Revolution • Soldiers disobeyed orders to fire on the protesters, shot their commanders, and joined • Duma(legislature) establishes a provisional government • Decided to keep fighting in WWI which increases protests and riots • October Revolution (Lenin) • Bolsheviks see this opportunity and seize power • Negotiate a treaty with the Germans to end Russian involvement in the war. • Russian Civil War erupts • Red Army (Bolsheviks) • White Army (everyone who opposed the Bolsheviks)

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