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Inventions. If you had to name the invention most valuable to your daily life, what would it be and why?. Before and After. Look at the sixteen images and put them into eight pairs using the principle of “ before and after. ”. How are they different?.
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Inventions • If you had to name the invention most valuable to your daily life, what would it be and why?
Before and After • Look at the sixteen images and put them into eight pairs using the principle of “before and after.”
How are they different? • How are the “after” pictures different than the before pictures? • What do the “after” pictures have in common?
How would you define industrialization? • Work with your group to come up with a definition of industrialization.
Industrialization • The widespread use of machines to produce goods. • The economy changes from farming to factories.
From horse drawn plows to tractors • Tractors and farm machines increased the productivity of agriculture • Fewer people were needed to produce food on the farm • Many people moved to cities to work in factories
From spinning wheel to textile factories • Cloth production in the home moved to textile production in the factories • Mass produced clothing replaced hand made items
From wooden bridges to steel bridges • The development of the steel industry made steel bridges possible • Above the Brooklyn Bridge built in 1883 • Steel was the skeleton of industrialization and was used in the development of railroads and skyscrapers
From wagons to railroads • After the Civil War railroads crisscrossed the nation, transporting people, crops, and industrial materials
From horse drawn carriages to automobiles • Henry Ford created the assembly line for automobiles • He mass produced Model A and Model T Fords, making cars affordable
From gas light to electric light • Thomas Alva Edison invented the electric light in 1879 • Electric lights were installed in cities and homes throughout the nation
From letters to telephone • Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876 • He was also responsible for creating the first telephone company, Bell Telephone.
From live music to the phonograph • The first phonograph was invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1874 • He was also credited with inventing the battery and motion pictures
Richest in the world? • Do you know who is the richest person in the world? How did he make his money?
Bill Gates • He is worth an estimated 52.8 billion dollars • He made his fortune as the head of Microsoft computer co.
Andrew Carnegie • Carnegie made his money in steel production • He created his empire by buying all parts of the steel making process including coal mines, iron mines, steel refineries. • Vertical integration
John D. Rockefeller • John D. Rockefeller made his money in oil, the fuel of industrialization. • He gained control of 90% of oil production creating Standard Oil. • Horizontal integration
Richest then and now. • Do you know the richest people in 1900? • How do you think they made their money?
How he treated workers. • Carnegie lowered wages for workers at Homestead plant • Workers went on strike. • Managers brought in guards to break strike
How he spent his money • traveling
How he donated his money • Carnegie built 2800 libraries • Established the Carnegie Institute of Technology • Carnegie Endowment for Peace • At death donated 350 million dollars to charities
How he acquired his wealth • Rockefeller built oil refinery • Started Standard Oil • Near monopoly in oil • Started Trust
How he treated workers. • No information in reading. • A second source said that he treated his workers well, paying them above the market wage
How he spent his money • No information available
How he donated his money • Rockefeller gave money to University of Chicago • Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research • Gave 500 million away in lifetime
How he acquired his wealth • Carnegie worked in factory • Telegraph operator • Worked for railroad and invested in oil • Built Carnegie Steel Company
Trust • Trusts are legal concept that allows one person to manage another person’s property. • “Standard Oil was the first trust.”
Entrepreneur • A business person who takes risks in order to earn a profit. • “Bill Gates is the entrepreneur who started Microsoft”
Corporation • Corporations are big businesses that issue stock. • “The stockholders of the corporation elected a new CEO.”
Monopoly • A monopoly is a business that controls an entire industry. • “Rockefeller had a monopoly on the oil industry.”
Philanthropist • A philanthropist is someone who gives money to worthy causes. • “Andrew Carnegie was a philanthropist because he gave millions of dollars to build libraries.”
Robber Barons or Captains of Industry • People were divided over the role of Rockefeller, Carnegie, and other emerging capitalists. • Admirers of these businessmen referred to them as “captains of industry”, while critics called them “Robber Barons.”
Robber Barons • What is a Baron? • Where are the Robber Barons in the picture?” • What are the key terms used in the cartoon?
What do you think? • Look at the biography and primary source material on either Rockefeller or Carnegie. • Fill out the chart with information you gather. • Then share your finding with your partner who did the other person. • Be prepared to defend your conclusions in a discussion.
Thomas Alva Edison • Edison invented the light bulb in 1879 • He is also credited with inventing the phonograph, battery, and the first motion pictures
Alexander Graham Bell • Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
