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Explore key inventions and industrial advancements reshaping society, economy, and technology during the Industrial Revolution. Analyze before-and-after images, key figures, and differing views on industrialization's effects.
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Inventions • If you had to name the invention most valuable to your daily life, what would it be and why?
Before and After • Look at the sixteen images and put them into eight pairs using the principle of “before and after.”
How are they different? • How are the “after” pictures different than the before pictures? • What do the “after” pictures have in common?
How would you define industrialization? • Work with your group to come up with a definition of industrialization.
Industrialization • The widespread use of machines to produce goods. • The economy changes from farming to factories.
From horse drawn plows to tractors • Tractors and farm machines increased the productivity of agriculture • Fewer people were needed to produce food on the farm • Many people moved to cities to work in factories
From spinning wheel to textile factories • Cloth production in the home moved to textile production in the factories • Mass produced clothing replaced hand made items
From wooden bridges to steel bridges • The development of the steel industry made steel bridges possible • Above the Brooklyn Bridge built in 1883 • Steel was the skeleton of industrialization and was used in the development of railroads and skyscrapers
From wagons to railroads • After the Civil War railroads crisscrossed the nation, transporting people, crops, and industrial materials
From horse drawn carriages to automobiles • Henry Ford created the assembly line for automobiles • He mass produced Model A and Model T Fords, making cars affordable
From gas light to electric light • Thomas Alva Edison invented the electric light in 1879 • Electric lights were installed in cities and homes throughout the nation
From letters to telephone • Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876 • He was also responsible for creating the first telephone company, Bell Telephone.
From live music to the phonograph • The first phonograph was invented by Thomas Alva Edison in 1874 • He was also credited with inventing the battery and motion pictures
Richest in the world? • Do you know who is the richest person in the world? How did he make his money?
Bill Gates • He is worth an estimated 52.8 billion dollars • He made his fortune as the head of Microsoft computer co.
Andrew Carnegie • Carnegie made his money in steel production • He created his empire by buying all parts of the steel making process including coal mines, iron mines, steel refineries. • Vertical integration
John D. Rockefeller • John D. Rockefeller made his money in oil, the fuel of industrialization. • He gained control of 90% of oil production creating Standard Oil. • Horizontal integration
Richest then and now. • Do you know the richest people in 1900? • How do you think they made their money?
How he treated workers. • Carnegie lowered wages for workers at Homestead plant • Workers went on strike. • Managers brought in guards to break strike
How he spent his money • traveling
How he donated his money • Carnegie built 2800 libraries • Established the Carnegie Institute of Technology • Carnegie Endowment for Peace • At death donated 350 million dollars to charities
How he acquired his wealth • Rockefeller built oil refinery • Started Standard Oil • Near monopoly in oil • Started Trust
How he treated workers. • No information in reading. • A second source said that he treated his workers well, paying them above the market wage
How he spent his money • No information available
How he donated his money • Rockefeller gave money to University of Chicago • Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research • Gave 500 million away in lifetime
How he acquired his wealth • Carnegie worked in factory • Telegraph operator • Worked for railroad and invested in oil • Built Carnegie Steel Company
Trust • Trusts are legal concept that allows one person to manage another person’s property. • “Standard Oil was the first trust.”
Entrepreneur • A business person who takes risks in order to earn a profit. • “Bill Gates is the entrepreneur who started Microsoft”
Corporation • Corporations are big businesses that issue stock. • “The stockholders of the corporation elected a new CEO.”
Monopoly • A monopoly is a business that controls an entire industry. • “Rockefeller had a monopoly on the oil industry.”
Philanthropist • A philanthropist is someone who gives money to worthy causes. • “Andrew Carnegie was a philanthropist because he gave millions of dollars to build libraries.”
Robber Barons or Captains of Industry • People were divided over the role of Rockefeller, Carnegie, and other emerging capitalists. • Admirers of these businessmen referred to them as “captains of industry”, while critics called them “Robber Barons.”
Robber Barons • What is a Baron? • Where are the Robber Barons in the picture?” • What are the key terms used in the cartoon?
What do you think? • Look at the biography and primary source material on either Rockefeller or Carnegie. • Fill out the chart with information you gather. • Then share your finding with your partner who did the other person. • Be prepared to defend your conclusions in a discussion.
Thomas Alva Edison • Edison invented the light bulb in 1879 • He is also credited with inventing the phonograph, battery, and the first motion pictures
Alexander Graham Bell • Bell invented the telephone in 1876.
