Grade 7 Socials Chapter 2

1. Grade 7 Socials Chapter 2 The Impact of Contact page 36

2. I. Early contact in the MaritimesWhat is “contact”? Contact is the term historians use to refer to the time when Europeans first came to North America.

3. Where did contact first take place? • Contact first took place on the Atlantic Coast.

4. What happened as Europeans moved further west? • The same pattern of events occurred as Europeans moved west. The First Nations were greatly affected.

5. What happened when the First Nations people first met the European newcomers? • FN were curious; willing to see what they were about • Europeans needed help to survive • Both groups recognized benefits of trade • FN had furs – Europeans traded with metal pots, knives, guns, blankets, etc.

6. II TreatiesWhat did Great Britain hope to gain by signing treaties with the First Nations? • There had been some conflicts since contact: • FN- Europeans • Great Britain – France • Great Britain wanted FN to side with them in any fighting against the French • Believed the treaties would help them get along in the future

7. Why did the First Nations people sign treaties with Great Britain? • Believed that the treaties would ensure peace and allow them to keep their way of life for future generations. • Already there was some problems with settlers in the American colonies

8. What were the main ideas of the Covenant Chain of Treaties , also known as Treaties of Peace and Friendship? • FN agreed to act peaceably towards British • British agreed to respect FN’s rights • **FN did NOT agree to give up land or natural resources • These treaties still apply to FN in the Maritimes today

9. The Effect of the Fur Trade

10. Before the fur trade, First Nations people: • Hunted, fished, and gathered food, finding the best food sources at each time of the year

11. Because of the fur trade, First Nations people: • Spent more time hunting for fur-bearing animals such as fox or beaver • Spent less time hunting and fishing for their own needs • Became used to using European goods such as cloth and flour • Created a cycle of hunting to get the European goods; using the European goods because they didn’t hunt and fish as much for themselves

12. Created a cycle of hunting to get the European goods; • using the European goods because they didn’t hunt and fish as much for themselves

13. Why did European fur traders move further west? • The animal population became depleted • Europeans moved west to where there were more animals

14. What happened to the First Nations when the European fur traders moved away? • First Nations were left behind, and found it very difficult to return to their traditional way of life • had a hard time meeting their basic needs • European settlement made if impossible to go back to hunting and fishing

15. The Effects of European Settlement

16. What were the main reasons the First Nations people and the European settlers did not mix well? • First Nations were used to sharing the land and the resources • The European idea of private ownership did not mix with the FN idea of sharing

17. How did the European idea of private ownership affect the First Nations people? • Forests were cut down, fences built; fewer places to hunt • Rivers, lakes, oceanfronts were being taken over; FN lost access to these important sources of food • This is not what they expected when they signed the treaties

18. What was the attitude that most European settlers had towards the First Nations people? • They believed their economic, political and cultural ideas were superior to the FN • Most thought the FN would either die out, become like the Europeans, or go somewhere else • Didn’t let the FN take part in their new economy