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Catalyst: Monday 11/5

Catalyst: Monday 11/5. Classify the following as an element, compound, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture: Diet Coke Cap’n Crunch cereal Strontium (Sr) Sugar . Week 9 HW: 11/5-11/9. Today’s Plan. Catalyst Study Guide Problems Review

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Catalyst: Monday 11/5

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  1. Catalyst: Monday 11/5 Classify the following as an element, compound, heterogeneous mixture, or homogeneous mixture: Diet Coke Cap’n Crunch cereal Strontium (Sr) Sugar

  2. Week 9 HW: 11/5-11/9

  3. Today’s Plan • Catalyst • Study Guide Problems Review • Naming Type I, Type II, and Type IV Compounds • Naming Type III Compounds

  4. Type I, Type II, Type IV • Type I = ionic compounds with monatomic cations and anions • Type II = ionic compounds with variable charge cations and monatomic anions • Type IV = ionic compounds with polyatomic ions

  5. Naming them: • Always name the cation before the anion • Remember, paws first! …that’s how cats land. Did I take this analogy too far? …maybe But you’ll remember! (for life)

  6. Naming them: • Paws first, then… • Just name the ions! • [cation name] [anion name] • For example (Type I): • NaCl = sodium chloride • Ag2O = silver oxide • MgF2 = magnesium fluoride

  7. You try (Type IV) • AgNO3 • K2SO4 • BaNO3 • Silver nitrate • Potassium sulfate • Barium nitrate Formula Name

  8. Type II – Variable Charge • Same as Type I and Type IV except you have to indicate what charge the variable charge ion has! • For example: • FeO = iron (II) oxide • Fe2O3 = iron (III) oxide • NiH2 = nickel (II) hydride • NiBr3 = nickel (III) bromide

  9. Type III Naming • Type III = covalent compounds with only nonmetals • Key: these are not compounds of ions! That is why the rules are so different.

  10. Name BF3 • Name the first element using the element name: boron • Name the second element as if it were an anion: fluoride (instead of fluorine) • Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms: • 1 boron: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix • 3 fluorine: tri- • boron trifluoride

  11. Name NO • Name 1st element: nitrogen • Name 2nd element like an anion: oxide • Use prefixes to denote numbers of atoms • 1 nitrogen: if only 1 of the first atom, no prefix • 1 oxygen: mono- • nitrogen monoxide

  12. Some tips • Never use “mono” at the beginning of the compound name, if there’s only 1 of the first atom no prefix is necessary. • If the vowel at the end of the prefix plus the vowel at the start of the element name is awkward, (e.g. mono- and oxide) the vowel on the prefix gets dropped. (monoxide, tetroxide)

  13. Prefixes!

  14. Try some! • P4O6 • SO2 • Dinitrogen trioxide • PCl5 • Sulfur dioxide • Bromine pentafluoride • tetrahosphorus hexoxide • Sulfur dioxide • N2O3 • Phosphorus pentachloride • SO2 • BrF5

  15. Two super awesome websites for polyatomic ion practice! • Charge practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions1.html • Name/formula practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyions.html • (Really tough ion/compound practice: http://www.chemfiles.com/flash/polyatomic_ions.html)

  16. Catalyst: Thursday 11/8 Complete #4 from the Reflection Sheet in class. Define the following vocab terms: Binary compound Ionic compound Covalent compound Metal vs. non-metal Polyatomic ion

  17. Week 9 HW: 11/5-11/9

  18. Acid Naming (last type!) • Acids = molecules that produce H+ ions in water • First recognized for the sour taste of their solutions: e.g. citric acid in lemons and limes is responsible for that sour taste • An acid is an anion with one or more H+ attached to it that it can let go of when dissolved in water.

  19. Acid Naming Rules 1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCl 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the element: chlorine chloride hydrochloric acid Name for HCl? What kind of compound is it?

  20. HCl • Are they both ions? • Is it covalent? • …they are both ions! hydrogen chloride …dissolves in water to form: hydrochloric acid.

  21. Acid Naming Rules 1 If the anion does NOT contain oxygen… HCN 1. Use the prefix hydro- and the suffix –ic after the “root” of the element: cyanide hydrocyanic acid Name for HCN? What kind of compound is it?

  22. HCN • Are they both ions? • Is it covalent? • …cyanide is a polyatomic ion and hydrogen can also be an ion so it is ionic! hydrogen cyanide …dissolves in water to form: hydrocyanic acid

  23. Acids are ionic compounds that dissolve in water to form a solution that we name as an acid. They are not often found/used in their solid form so we prefer to name them as acids in their solution form.

  24. Acid Naming Rules 2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen… H2SO4 1. Take the root name of the central element or the anion name and add a suffix: -ic when the anion ends in –ate -ous when anion names in –ite hydrogen sulfate …sulfuric acid

  25. Acid Naming Rules 2 If the anion DOES contain oxygen… H2NO2 1. Take the root name of the central elementand add a suffix: -ic when the anion ends in –ate -ous when anion names in –ite hydrogen nitrite …nitrousacid

  26. Acid Naming Rules 2 perchlorate chlorate chlorite hypochlorite HClO4 HClO3 HClO2 HClO perchloric acid chloric acid chlorous acid hypochlorous acid

  27. Acid Naming Rules 2 perbromate bromate bromite hypobromite HBrO4 HBrO3 HBrO2 HBrO perbromic acid bromicacid bromousacid hypobromousacid

  28. Acid Naming Summary • NO Oxygen • Always: Hydro[anion root]ic acid • CONTAINS Oxygen • What is the key element? • How many oxygens does it have? (prefix)[element](suffix) acid Naming Type 1 Naming Type 2

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