THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE , NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.

1. THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW. • THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY GUIDE THAT MIGHT BEASKED IN YOUR QUIZZES and TESTS. • STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR STUDYING THEIR TEXT BOOKS AND ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED DURING THE CLASS PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE SYLLABUS.

2. Lesson # 14 Deriving Energy from Food Cellular Respiration

3. ENDERGONIC REACTION ENERGY ENERGY CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO CO 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 PHOTOSYNTHESIS Reactants EXERGONIC REACTION Products Reactants (synthetic work) Less energy More energy Products CELLULAR RESPIRATION Less energy More energy (Break down operation)

4. ATP Reactants + 6 H O 2 6 CO 2 Products 36 CELLULAR RESPIRATION + o 6 (Break down operation) 2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION It is the process by which the energy from food ( glucose ) is converted to ATP by means of redox reactions

5. - - - - e e e e Electrons Fall Down the Energy Hill to drive the Uphill Production of ATP Energy Energy Energy

6. 1 - - - - e e e e 2 Pyruvic acid ATP E N E R G Y NAD P + ADP The Down Hill Journey of the Electrons High level of energy GLUCOSE H H Glycolysis Lower level of energy + NAD 2 Electron carrier

7. H NADH NAD NAD Oxidized + - - e e + NAD + + + NAD NADH NADH NAD + Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide ( NAD ) is the most important electron carrier in energy transfer, Reduced (empty) (loaded) (loaded) (empty)

9. Krebs cycle 3 1 2 - - - - e e e e 2 Pyruvic acid ATP ATP ATP E N E R G Y NAD P + ADP The electron transport chain The Down Hill Journey of the Electrons High level of energy GLUCOSE 32 2 H H Glycolysis Lower level of energy 2 Electron carrier

10. Reduction-Oxidation Reaction or Redox Reaction The process by which electrons are transferred from one molecule to another. The substance that loses one or more electrons is said to have undergone OXIDATION The substance that gains electrons in this reaction is said to have undergone REDUCTION

11. - - - - - - e e e e e e + NAD NADH Reduction-Oxidation Reaction or Redox Reaction REDOX REACTION oxidized reduced ELECTRON CARRIER reduced

12. 2 Krebs cycle 1 2 3 - - - - e e e e Glycolysis ATP ATP ATP 2 NAD 32 The electron transport chain High level of energy H Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid Lower level of energy Electron carrier

13. 6 CO 2 C H O 6 O ATP 6 12 6 Aerobic process 2 6 H O 36 2 CELLULAR RESPIRATION It is the process by which the energy from food ( glucose ) is converted to ATP by means of redox reactions. + + 36 ADP + 36 P + +

14. Cytosol 2 2 ATP ATP ATP Mitochondrion 3- THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN 32 THE THREE STAGES OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION 1- GLYCOLYSIS INTERMEDIATE STEP 2- THE KREBS CYCLE

16. First stage: Glycolysis

17. 2 Krebs cycle 2 3 1 - - - - e e e e Glycolysis ATP ATP ATP 2 32 The electron transport chain High level of energy Glucose 2 Pyruvic acid Lower level of energy + NADH Electron carrier

18. NADH NADH glucose ATP ATP First stage: Glycolysis X (It takes place in the cytosol) Pyruvic acid X X

19. ( x 2 ) CoA + Acetyl coenzyme A ( x 2 ) NADH ( x 2 ) + NAD Breathing CO 2 Electron Transport Chain Krebs cycle Intermediate step between Glycolysis and the Krebs cycle + Coenzyme A Pyruvic acid ( x 2 )

20. Second stage: Krebs cycle

21. oxidized reduced reduced oxidized oxidized reduced reduced oxidized

22. ( x 2 ) NADH NADH NADH NADH NADH FADH NADH FADH 2 2 CO CO CO CO 2 2 2 2 ATP ATP Second stage: Krebs cycle

23. Third stage: The electron transport chain

24. - - - - e e e e NADH + + + + + + + + H H H H H H H H + NAD

25. NADH FADH + + H H ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP ATP 2 ADP + P ATP synthase