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Unit 1: Grammar. English Concepts – Fall 2013. Nouns, Verbs, Pronouns. Nouns Definition: word that names a person, place, thing, or an idea. Person: teacher, uncle, niece, sister-in-law Place: star, garage, city, park Thing: paw, giraffe, bicycle, ice cream, doorknob
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Unit 1: Grammar English Concepts – Fall 2013
Nouns, Verbs, Pronouns • Nouns • Definition: word that names a person, place, thing, or an idea. • Person: teacher, uncle, niece, sister-in-law • Place: star, garage, city, park • Thing: paw, giraffe, bicycle, ice cream, doorknob • Idea: democracy, fame love, disappointment • Two types of nouns. • Concrete Nouns: names of objects that occupies space or that can be recognized by any of the senses (smell, sight, hearing, touch, taste) • Petal, smoke, cough, orange, book • Abstract nouns: names of an idea, a quality, or a characteristic. • Motion, humor, quantity, tact, rudeness
Activity 1: Write the following nouns into the correct categories: Person, Place, Thing, Idea Rope Sadness Softball Field Couch Barak Obama Grocery store Happiness News Anchor Mr. Ladd Blanket • House • Capitalism • Mother • Love • Ball • Motorcycle • School • Teacher • Hate • Silver Dollar City
Proper Nouns • Proper Nouns: name of a particular person, place, thing, or idea. • Proper nouns are capitalized.
Activity 2 Write the following nouns into the following categories: Concrete and Abstract Freedom Chair Humor Book Law Success Lasagna Ice cream Shoe Victory • Confidence • Bat • Plate • Trust • French fries • Crime • Evil • Communication • Sock • Statue
Singular vs. Plural Nouns • Singular Noun: ONE person, place, thing, or idea • Plural Nouns: TWO or MORE persons, places, things, or ideas • There are three ways that you can make a singular noun plural • Add an “s” • Add an “ies” • Add an “es”
Singular vs. Plural Nouns • Examples: • Adding an “s” • Singular: dog, cat, school, ball, bat, boy • Plural: dogs, cats, schools, balls, bats, boys • Adding an “es” • Hint: If a word ends in the letters “ch”, “sh”, “s”, “x”, or “z” you make the noun plural by adding an “es” • Singular: witch, pitch, wish, wrench, gas, box • Plural: witches, pitches, wishes, wrenches, gases, boxes • Hint: If the word end in an “f” you change the “f” to “z” and add “es”. • Signular: wife, life, knife, loaf • Plural: wives, lives, knives, loaves • Hint: If the word ends in “o” you just add an “es” to make it plural • Singular: hero, tomato, potato • Plural: heroes, tomatoes, potatoes
Singular vs. Plural Nouns • Adding an “ies” • Hint: If a word ends in the letter “consonant + y” you make the noun plural by changing the “y” to an “i” and adding “es” • Singular: body, butterfly, cry, • Plural: bodies, butterflies, cries • Some words do not change when you make them plural. • Singular: moose, deer, sheep • Plural: moose, deer, sheep • There are special words that change completely to make plural • Singular: goose, mouse, child, man, cactus, person • Plural: geese, mice, children, men, cacti, people
Proper vs. Common Nouns • Proper Noun: the name of a particular person, place, thing, or idea • Common Noun: general name of a person, place, thing, or idea. • You can differentiate proper nouns and common nouns by capitalizing the first letter of each word in the complete noun. • Example: • Proper Noun: Wrigley Field, White House, Middle Ages, Cuba • Common Nouns: city, building, high school, swimming pool
Activity 3: Singular v. Plural and Common v. Proper Nouns Write the plural version of each of the following nouns. Write the following nouns in the correct categories: Common and Proper Nouns houston space center san francisco island era motion picture rocky mountains nile river river team red sox • Bicycle • Itch • Snow • Pile • Moose • Body • Bat • Man • Woman • watch
Activity 3: Answers Plural Nouns Common v. Proper Nouns • Bicycles • Itches • Snows • Piles • Moose • Bodies • Bats • Men • Women • watches
Verbs • Verbs: word that expresses action or a state of being and is necessary to make a statement • Two types of verbs: • Action • Linking • Action verb: tells what someone or something does • Examples: swing, run, sing, catch, eat, read • Linking verb: links (joins) the subject of a sentence with a word or expression that identifies or describes the subject • Usually in the form of the verb “be” • Examples: am, is, are, was, were, will be, has been, was being.
Activity 4: Verbs Underline the verbs in the following sentences. Then label the verbs either action or linking. In 1884 France presented the United States with a gift as a dramatic gesture of friendship. The spectacular gift was in the form of a huge copper statue. Its official name is Liberty Enlightening the World. Most people, however, know it simply as the Statue of Liberty. The pieces of the statue arrived in the United States in 214 cases. This impressive monument found a permanent home on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. The monumental lady with the torch quickly became a symbol of American Democracy.
Activity 4: Verbs Solution Underline the verbs in the following sentences. Then label the verbs either action or linking. In 1884 France presented (A) the United States with a gift as a dramatic gesture of friendship. The spectacular gift was (L) in the form of a huge copper statue. Its official name is(L) Liberty Enlightening the World. Most people, however, know (A) it simply as the Statue of Liberty. The pieces of the statue arrived (A) in the United States in 214 cases. This impressive monument found (A) a permanent home on Liberty Island in New York Harbor. The monumental lady with the torch quickly became(L) a symbol of American Democracy.
Pronouns • Pronoun: word that takes the place of a noun, a group of words acting as a noun, or another pronoun • The word or group of words that a pronoun refers to is called its antecedent. • There are two types of major pronouns: • Personal • Possessive
Pronouns • Personal Pronouns: refers to a specific person or thing by indicating the person speaking (the first person), the person being addressed (the second person), or any other person or thing being discussed.
Pronouns • Possessive Pronouns: These words take the place of the possessive forms of nouns.
Activity 5: Pronouns • Write 12 sentences using: • three (3) singular personal pronouns, • three (3) plural personal pronouns, • three (3) singular possessive pronouns, and • three (3) plural possessive pronouns.
Pronouns • Along with personal and possessive pronouns there are reflexive and intensive pronouns. These pronouns are formed by adding –self or –selves. • Reflexive Pronouns: Pronouns that refer to a noun or another pronoun and indicates that the same person or thing is involved.
Pronouns • Intensive pronouns add emphasis to another noun or pronoun • Reflective Pronoun: You outdid yourself when you wrote that song. • Intensive Pronoun: The team itself chose the captain.
Activity 6: Reflexive, Intensive, and Demonstrative Pronouns • Replace the blanks with the appropriate reflexive, intensive, and demonstrative pronouns. • He reminded ______ to watch the conductor’s baton. • The string, woodwind, brass, and percussion sections had prepared ______ during rehearsals. • Even the conductor ______ seemed nervous. • The air _______ seemed motionless in expectation. • We positioned ______ for the opening note. • Soon you found _______ listening anxiously for our cue. • ______ is a very moving piece. • We were so inspired by the occasion that our instruments seemed to play _______. • Afterward we all felt very proud of ___________. • “Take _________,” the concert manager said, handing several bouquets to the conductor.
Activity 6: Reflexive, Intensive, and Demonstrative Pronouns Answers • Replace the blanks with the appropriate reflexive, intensive, and demonstrative pronouns. • He reminded himself to watch the conductor’s baton. • The string, woodwind, brass, and percussion sections had prepared themselves during rehearsals. • Even the conductor himself/herself seemed nervous. • The air itself seemed motionless in expectation. • We positioned ourselves for the opening note. • Soon you found yourself listening anxiously for our cue. • This/That is a very moving piece. • We were so inspired by the occasion that our instruments seemed to play themselves. • Afterward we all felt very proud of ourselves. • “Take these,” the concert manager said, handing several bouquets to the conductor.
Pronouns • Interrogative Pronouns: used to form a question. • Relative Pronoun: used to begin a special subject-verb word group called a subordinate clause. • A subordinate clause contains a subject and a predicate, but it cannot stand alone as a sentence. • Interrogative Pronouns: • Who will lead the way? • Relative Pronouns: • The people who invented Monopoly were surprised by its success.
Pronouns • Interrogative Pronouns: used to form a question. • Relative Pronoun: used to begin a special subject-verb word group called a subordinate clause. • A subordinate clause contains a subject and a predicate, but it cannot stand alone as a sentence.
Pronouns • Indefinite Pronouns: Refer to persons, places, or things in a more general way than a nouns does. • Everyone needs food. (The indefinite pronoun everyone refers to people in general.) • Did you get enough to eat? (The indefinite pronoun enough does not indicate to what it specifically refers.)
