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BODY TISSUES

BODY TISSUES. Epithelial Connective Muscle Nervous. Epithelial Tissues. Tightly connected: covering body surfaces and lining body cavities Shapes vary: squamous, cuboidal, columnar Layers of cells: simple = one stratified = several. Connective Tissue.

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BODY TISSUES

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  1. BODY TISSUES • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  2. Epithelial Tissues • Tightly connected: covering body surfaces and lining body cavities • Shapes vary: squamous, cuboidal, columnar • Layers of cells: simple = one stratified = several

  3. Connective Tissue • Connects and supports body parts • Cells scattered in matrix (protein fibers and ground substance) • Loose, Dense, Specialized • Loose connective tissue: areolar and adipose – supports epithelium and body parts • Dense connective tissue: ligaments, tendons, dermis • Specialized: cartilage (chondrocytes), bone(osteocytes), blood (erythrocytes and leukocytes)

  4. Muscle Tissue • Skeletal (striated) • Smooth • Cardiac (in the heart) • Muscle tissues form organs & organ systems

  5. Nervous Tissue Communicates • The neurons and neuroglia

  6. Integumentary System: skin and its derivatives • Functions: • Physical protection • Regulation of body temperature • Sensory reception • Immune system, Vitamin D • Skin layers • Epidermis: stratified squamous epithelium; layers progress from living cells to dead (filled with keratin protein)

  7. Dermis: tough, permanent connective tissue; has folds and ridges 1. Subcutaneous Layer: anchoring, fat storage 2. Melanin: pigment molecule produced by melanocytes in epidermis UV radiation: tanning, DNA damage  skin cancer

  8. Hair Follicles • Root & shaft of hairs • Root is living cells, shaft is dead tissue • Keratin on outside, melanin & air space inside • Nails similar; living cells at cuticle filled with keratin • Arrector pili muscle – stand on end • Oil glands produce sebum, can plug up follicle – antibacterial • Sweat glands secrete mixture of water, salts, acids, urea

  9. Part of homeostasis system – can modify body temperature, fluid loss • Homeostasis: dampens fluctuations around a set point – pH, temperature (fever, hypothermia) • Receptor, control center, and effectors • Biological clock and circadian rhythms

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