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Tissues of the Body

Tissues of the Body. From Cells to Organ Systems. Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs. Tissues are groups of cells closely associated that have a similar structure & perform a related function. Cells combine to form 4 primary tissues

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Tissues of the Body

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  1. Tissues of the Body

  2. FromCellstoOrganSystems Cells combine to form tissues, and tissues combine to form organs Tissues are groups of cells closely associated that have a similar structure & perform a related function • Cells combine to form 4 primary tissues • *Epithelial *Nervous • *Connective *Muscle

  3. Human Body Tissues

  4. Epithelial Tissue Locations: Covers the body Lines the cavities, tubes, ducts and blood vessels inside the body Covers the organs inside body cavities Epithelial Tissue Functions: Protection from physical & chemical injury, Protection against microbial invasion, Contains receptors which respond to stimuli, Filters, secretes & reabsorbs materials and Secretes serous fluids to lubricate structures. Epithelial Tissue

  5. Epithelial Tissue • Two types: • membranous epithelia form the coverings or linings of organs • glandular epithelia form exocrine and endocrine glands • Sheets of cells with specialized contacts & cell junctions • Basal lamina: protein scaffolding secreted by epithelial cells • Basement membrane: reticular fibers (crossed collagen network) that supports epithelium--really associated connective tissue

  6. Connective tissue support Nutrients from capillaries in underlying connective tissue Nerves pass through Easily regenerates Different cell shapes & arrangements Epithelial Tissue

  7. Simple: just one layer or cell shape Stratified: multiple layers and cell shapes Classes of Epithelia

  8. Simple Epithelia TYPE CELL SHAPE EXAMPLE SquamousSquashed CuboidalCubed ColumnarColumns Pseudo-stratified Flat cells give rise to columns Endothelium (lines blood vessels), mesothelium (serous lining of celom) Walls of glands Lining of gut tube; sometimes with cilia like lining of uterine tube With cilia in respiratory tubes to move mucous & particles out of the lungs

  9. SimpleSquamous One cell thick Forms solid layer of cells which line blood vessels, body cavities & cover organs in body cavities Lubrication Squamous Epithelia • StratifiedSquamous • Multiple layers • Forms epidermis (Skin) lining of the mouth • Lubrication & protection

  10. SimpleCuboidal One cell thick, roughly cube shaped Lines ovaries, kidneys, thyroid glands, where secretion & absorption take place Cuboidal Epithelia • Stratified Cuboidal • In multiple layers w/one layer attached to basement membrane & one w/free edge • Mammary & sweat glands • Secretion, absorption & protection

  11. Simple Columnar One cell thick column shaped (long & narrow) Line digestive tract where re-absorption & secretion occurs. Columnar Epithelia • Stratified Columnar • Stacked nucleus on top of nucleus • Lines vas deferans, male urethra • Gives support and some movement.

  12. Columnar Epithelia • Pseudostratified • gives the appearance of more than one layer of columnar epithelial cells • Every cell is attached to the basement membrane • Lines the trachea, fallopian tubes • movement

  13. Transitional Epithelia • Transitional • Several layers of epithelial cells • Forms tissue that must stretch like the bladder • Stretches, protects against seepage

  14. Glandular Epithelia • Glandular • A gland consists of one or more cells that make and secrete a particular product. • Endocrine: secretions diffuse directly into the blood vessels. Ex.– thyroid, adrenals, pituitary • Exocrine: secretions empty through the ducts to the epithelial surface. Ex.- sweat, oil

  15. Types of Epithelium 7 1 2 3 4 5 6

  16. Muscle Tissue: Associated with the bones of the skeleton, the heart and in the walls of the hollow organs of the body. Muscle Tissue Functions: Movement & Locomotion Maintains posture Produces heat Facial expressions Pumps blood Peristalsis Muscle Tissue

  17. Muscle Tissue • Consists of specialized cells that contract when stimulated • The body has three types of muscle tissue: • Skeletal • Cardiac • Smooth muscle

  18. Muscle Tissue • Cardiac (involuntary) HEART • Smooth (involuntary) ORGANS • Skeletal (voluntary) BONES Cardiac Muscle Smooth Muscle Skeletal Muscle

  19. Connective Tissue Connective tissue location: Most abundant & widely distributed tissue Connective tissue has non-living extra-cellular material (matrix between its cells Connective Tissue Functions: Connects, binds and supports structures, Tendons, ligaments, etc. Protects & cushions organs and tissues, Insulates (fat) and Transports substances (blood).

  20. Connective Tissue • Major classes: • Bone • Cartilage • Loose • Dense • Blood • All connective tissues consist of two basic components: • Living cells • Extracellular matrix

  21. Fibers Collagen gives structure Reticular fibers (crossed collagen) gives order Elastin gives elasticity Ground substance Jelly-like material made of sugar-protein molecules (proteoglycans) Allows connective tissue to retain water and serve as support and protection of organs Extracellular Matrix

  22. Type: Loose, adipose Type: Loose, areolar

  23. Loose Fibrous • Contains elastin • Nourishes & stretches • Provides blood vessels to skin • Fills muscle gaps • Adipose • Stores energy (fat) & insulates • Mostly under the skin • Areolar • Wraps the organs • Cushions & protects

  24. Dense Fibrous Collagen is the main matrix element Thick fibers running in many planes Dermis, fibrous capsules around organs Aligned parallel fibers that resists tension Tendon, ligaments Dense Fibrous

  25. Specialized connective tissue • Perform specific functions essential to homeostasis • The body contains three types of specialized connective tissue: • Bone • Cartilage • Blood

  26. Osseous • Bone • Consists of bone cells (osteocytes) and a calcified cartilage matrix • Two types of bone tissue exist: spongy and compact • Tree ring-like appearance • Supports & protects • Mineral storage • Fat storage • Blood cell production

  27. Cartilage • Supports while providing flexibility • Hyaline cartilage absorbs compression between bones in joints (bone ends) • Most abundant type of cartilage found in the body • Fibrocartilageforms cushion like disks between the vertebra • The ears and nose are more flexible and are elastic cartilage

  28. Blood • Blood • Red & white blood cells • Platelets • Plasma • Regulates temperature • Transportation system

  29. Nervous Tissue: Main component of the nervous system ie., brain, spinal cord & nerves. Nervous Tissue Functions: Regulates & controls body functions Generates & transmits nerve impulses Supports, insulates and protects impulse generating neurons. Nervous Tissue

  30. Nervous Tissue • Contains specialized cells that conduct impulses • Conducting cells, called neurons, transmit impulses from one region of the body to another. • Nonconducting cells, neuroglia, are a type of nervous system connective tissue.

  31. Stomach wall tissue

  32. Skin

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