Matter and Energy

1. Matter and Energy 4th Grade Science January 2013

2. What are the basic properties that scientists use to describe matter?

3. We classify matter in many ways: • Size (big, small, short, tall, etc.) • Shape (round, square, irregular) • Color • Weight • Density • Temperature

4. What are some ways that a substances properties depend on its state? • Some properties of matter depend on the state of matter. For example, density changes when state changes. Water vapor is much less dense that liquid water or ice. • Shape and volume also depend of the state of matter. Solids have definite shapes, but liquid and gases do not.

5. What is energy? Applying the concept of energy: http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/eee0486f-6fef-4f89-bf05-3c5c444bb011/guidUnitId/ff861a6c-74d9-47f7-8436-e6dd4cf99526#/tab=engage-tab&page=NaN&subTab=

6. In your science notebook, make 3 columns • Object How does it use energy? How does it contain energy?

7. Energy • Energy is the ability to do work or cause change. Any time something changes, energy is involved. • Your hair grows longer; that requires energy. • Can you think of another example?

8. What are other forms of energy? • You can see or sense some kinds of energy, but other kinds of energy are invisible. The seven forms of energy are mechanical energy, heat energy, chemical energy, radiant energy, electrical energy, sound energy, and nuclear energy.

9. What are some kinds of natural energy? • Examples of Energy video: http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/c8bf1b7d-6d2c-4269-9043-ef4942334022/guidUnitId/ff861a6c-74d9-47f7-8436-e6dd4cf99526#/tab=engage-tab&page=NaN&subTab=

10. In your science notebook, answer: • Why is energy important? • Remember to write using complete sentences!

11. What is thermal energy? • Video: Heat http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/39ca6f85-6325-43b7-a2dc-3cdeca08519d/guidUnitId/ff861a6c-74d9-47f7-8436-e6dd4cf99526#/tab=engage-tab&page=NaN&subTab=sessions1and2

12. What does a chef do when they need to ‘add heat’ to a food? Do they find heat in a box or jar? No! Heat is not a thing. Heat is energy transferred in the form of thermal energy. • To understand thermal energy, you need to think about molecules. Everything is made of molecules, and every molecule in the universe vibrates. Some molecules vibrate faster then others. The faster a molecule vibrates, the more thermal energy it has.

13. How can thermal energy be produced? • Remember that energy cannot be created or destroyed. For this reason, you cannot “produce” heat. But you can change other forms of energy into thermal energy. Ovens usually change electricity or chemical energy in gas into thermal energy. Friction between surfaces that are rubbing can change kinetic energy into thermal energy.

14. How can thermal energy be transferred? • Heat Transmission: Conduction, Convection, and Radiation http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/39ca6f85-6325-43b7-a2dc-3cdeca08519d/guidUnitId/ff861a6c-74d9-47f7-8436-e6dd4cf99526#/tab=explore-tab&page=1&subTab=sessions1and2

15. In your science notebook: • Name three types of energy we have learned about.