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Understanding Blood Vessels and Their Functions

Learn about the structure and functions of arteries, veins, and capillaries in the human body. Explore the differences between the three types of blood vessels and how they contribute to the circulatory system. Understand the role they play in transporting blood to and from the heart.

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Understanding Blood Vessels and Their Functions

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  1. Bellwork • What makes the “Lub” heart sound? • AV valves closing (tricuspid & mitral) • What makes the “Dub” heart sound? • Semilunar valves closing (pulmonary & aortic) • If someone has a heart rate of 62 and a stroke volume of 81 ml, what is their cardiac output? • 5,022 ml/min • SWBAT compare and contrast arteries, veins, & capillaries

  2. Blood Vessels

  3. Blood Vessels • Arteries → Arterioles → Capillary beds → Venules → Veins

  4. Blood Vessels • Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart • Veins carry blood TO the heart • Capillaries connect arteries & veins

  5. Microscopic Anatomy of Blood Vessels • Have 3 tunics: • Tunica interna: lines the lumen (opening), thin layer that forms a slick surface • Tunica media: bulky smooth muscle layer, can constrict or dilate • Tunica externa: fibrous connective tissue to support and protect blood vessel

  6. Microscopic Anatomy of Blood Vessels

  7. Structural Differences • Arteries thicker – they expand due to high pressure from heart pumping • Pressure is low in veins, so they have valves to prevent backflow

  8. Structural Differences • Veins are surrounded by skeletal muscle to “milk” blood through

  9. Structural Differences • Capillaries are 1 cell thick (only tunica interna) so that gases can cross between blood and tissues

  10. Structural Differences • Capillaries have sphincters that can open or close to control how much blood goes to tissue

  11. Varicose Veins • Common in people who stand for long periods • Blood pools in veins of legs • Valves give out and vein dilates and twists • Dangerous if blood pools long enough to form a clot

  12. Varicose Veins

  13. Arteries to Know • Aorta: largest, up from LV then turns down through abdomen • Pulmonary artery: RV to lungs • Carotid artery: branches from aorta to brain • Renal arteries: aorta to kidneys • Femoral arteries: in thighs

  14. Veins to Know • Vena Cava (superior & inferior): largest, empties into RA • Median cubital vein: inner elbow (blood draws) • Pulmonary veins: return blood from lungs • Jugular veins: returns blood from head • Renal veins: return blood from kidneys to vena cava

  15. Assignment • Make flip chart to compare and contrast arteries, veins, and capillaries • Draw picture before cutting anything! • Write everything you know about each of the following: • Arteries • Veins • Capillaries

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