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Naming Organic Functional Groups: Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Esters

Learn about the naming rules for various organic functional groups, including alcohols, carboxylic acids, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, and esters. Understand the importance of hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups, oxygen bridges, and carbonyl groups in determining the names of these compounds.

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Naming Organic Functional Groups: Alcohols, Carboxylic Acids, Ethers, Aldehydes, Ketones, Esters

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  1. Alcohols • Group: -OH (hydroxyl) on one of the carbons • Naming rules: • Drop e add –ol • Place the number of carbon the OH is attached to in front of the name.

  2. Carboxylic acids • Group: R-COOH or terminal carboxyl group, acts as an acid because • Naming: Drop e and –oic acid.

  3. Ethers • Group: R-O-R or _____________ oxygen between 2 carbon chains • Naming: • Name the two branches in alpha order add ether at end

  4. aldehydes • Group: R-COH or __________________ • Terminal carbonyl Group • Naming: • Drop e add –al

  5. Ketones • Group: R-CO-R or ________________ • Middle of chain carbonyl group • Naming rules: • Use a Number to indicate the carbon that has carbonyl group • Drop e, add -one

  6. Esters • Group: R-COO-R or ___________ • Middle of the chain carboxyl group • Naming Rules • Split molecule in 2 • Put branch name first • For the carboxyl containing end, count carbons to get prefix and then end in oate. (Part of molecule with the double bonded oxygen attached)

  7. Alkanes, Branching Alkanes and Isomers A is butane B is 2-methylpropane Both are isomers of each other. What is an isomer? Molecules with the same molecular formula but different structures/names Picture retrieved 7/26/2019 from: https://www.nyu.edu/classes/tuckerman/adv.chem/lectures/lecture_17/node4.html

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