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Absolute Monarchy in France

Absolute Monarchy in France. Chapter 21 Section 2. Key Terms. Edict of Nantes Cardinal Richelieu Skepticism Louis XIV Intentdant Jean Baptiste Colbert War of Spanish Succession. Religious War and Henry IV. Protestant Reformation began in 1560’s One in ten French were Huguenot

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Absolute Monarchy in France

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  1. Absolute Monarchy in France Chapter 21 Section 2

  2. Key Terms Edict of Nantes Cardinal Richelieu Skepticism Louis XIV Intentdant Jean Baptiste Colbert War of Spanish Succession

  3. Religious War and Henry IV • Protestant Reformation began in 1560’s • One in ten French were Huguenot • Huguenot-French Calvinists • Large number of Protestant nobles • Threatened French Catholic monarchy

  4. Conflict and a New King • 1562 fighting between Catholics and Huguenots • 1572 Catholic Queen ordered the killing of the Huguenots • Saint Bartholomew’s Day Massacre- Huguenots in town for the wedding of Henry of Navarre (10,000 to 70,000 killed)

  5. Henry of Navarre escaped by denying his religion • Was in line to be king • Fought Catholics troops to claim the throne • Converted to Catholicism • “Paris was worth the mass”

  6. Compromise in Progress • Edict of Nantes- gave Huguenots limited freedom to worship • Could hold office in the 200 towns where they were a majority • Concept of one king, one law, one religion no longer in affect

  7. Compromise in Progress • French people accepted the Edict because it stopped religious wars • Required Huguenots to support church financially • Henry focused on repairing country • Improved France’s financial situation

  8. Compromise and Progress • Built up a surplus • Created new industries • Drained swamps • Built canals and roads • Stimulated trade encourage agriculture

  9. Louis XIII and Richelieu • Henry killed in 1610 (stabbed) • Louis XIII was young, mother served as regent • Cardinal Richelieu- became a chief minister and most trusted advisor

  10. Louis XIII and Richeliue • Louis XIII weak ruler • Richelieu strengthened monarchy • Crushed opponents • Both wanted to reduce the power of the Huguenots • People of La Rochelle helped English forces

  11. Louis XIII and Richelieu • Richelieu’s troops laid siege to the city • Tore down the city’s wall made the churches become Catholic • Signal to Huguenots that resistance to the monarchy carried risks

  12. Louis XIII and Richelieu • Spies found plots against the kings • Three prominent nobles were executed • Richelieu also directed foreign policy • To bring down Hapsburg family sided with Protestants in 30 year war

  13. Writers turn to skepticism • The idea that nothing can ever be certain • Thinkers expressed doubt toward the churches • To doubt old ideas was the first step to finding the truth

  14. Montaigne and Descartes • Michael de Montaigne- lived during the worst religious wars in France • Developed new form of literature the Essay • Essay- brief work that expressed someone’s opinion • Whenever a new belief arose, it replaced an old belief that people accepted

  15. Rene Descartes • Meditations on First Philosophy • Used reason and observation to answer arguments • Created philosophy of modern thinkers • Became an important figure in the Enlightenment

  16. The Monarchy and Louis XIV • Richelieu died 1642 • Louis XIII died the next year • Louis XIV- best example of an absolute monarch • His mother was a regent • Cardinal Mazarin became chief minister

  17. Rise of the Sun King • Raised to be king • Trained to talk to ambassadors • Interpret state papers • Hunting, dancing • Different from father • Supremely confident in his ability to rule • When Mazarin dies he was 18

  18. Rise of the Sun King • Declared he could rule himself • Choose the sun as his personal symbol • Implying that the world revolved around him • “Letat c’est moi”means “I am the state”

  19. Absolutism at Versailles • Retained absolute power • Began tradition of absolute monarchy • In charge of military • Political initiatives • Economic initiatives • Religion of his subjects • All under his direct control

  20. Absolutism at Versailles • Louis deprive nobles of influence • Louis built an enormous palace at Versailles • Required nobles to visit him • Nobles gained prestige by being servants to the king

  21. Absolutism at Versailles • Urged nobles to develop expensive habits of • Dressing • Dining • gambling • Nobles grew poorer and had to depend more on the king’s generosity

  22. Absolutism at Versailles • Versailles was a grand spectacle of kingly power • Every moment of the day required rituals • Bowing courtiers • Eating • Dressing • Walking in the garden • All required a ritual

  23. Louis and Protestantism • Smashed power of the Huguenots • 1685 revoked the Edict of Nantes • 200,000 Huguenots fled France • Prosperous merchants, artisans • Loss of skill and wealth caused a financial crisis

  24. Money and Military • Lifestyle demanded a lot of money • Jean-Baptiste Colbert • Limited imports by increasing tariffs • Increased exports • Simplified tax system • Built up military from 70,000 to 200,000 • Spent money on good equipment • Went to war four times

  25. Attempt to expand France’s boundaries • 1667 invades Spanish Netherlands • Gained12 towns • Led army to Dutch Netherlands • Dutch flooded their own country • 1689 William of Orange becomes the king of England

  26. Attempts to Expand France’s boundaries • William joined the League of Augsburg • Austria, Spain, Sweden • These countries equaled France’s strength • France was weakened by poor harvests • Constant warfare • New taxes

  27. War Over the Throne • Louis XIV wanted to increase his power across the border • Louis had to melt down royal silver to pay for wars • War of Spanish Succession- Spanish king died without an heir • Three rulers tried to take over

  28. War Over the Throne • European monarchs did not want Spain and France so closely connected • England, Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire went to war against France • Fighting in North America was the French and Indian War

  29. War Over the Throne • 1713 Louis accepted the Treaty of Utrecht • Louis grandson got Spanish throne • Louis gave up most of the territory he had taken • War benefited England • Louis remained in power till 1715

  30. Treaty of Utrecht

  31. Louis’s Death and Legacy • Last years more sad then glorious • News of his death prompted rejoicing • France at top • Art, literature • France considered a military leader • Warfare construction of Versailles left France in debt

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