Exploring the History and Importance of Wildlife Management

1. Exploring the History and Importance of Wildlife Management

2. Common Core/Next Generation Science Standards Addressed! • RST.6‐8.1 -Cite specific textual evidence to support analysis of science and technical texts. (MS‐LS1‐6),(MSLS2‐1),(MS‐LS2‐4) • RI.8.8 - Trace and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, assessing whether the reasoning is sound and the evidence is relevant and sufficient to support the claims. (MS‐LS2‐4) • SL.8.4 - Present claims and findings, emphasizing salient points in a focused, coherent manner with relevant evidence, sound valid reasoning, and well‐chosen details; use appropriate eye contact, adequate volume, and clear pronunciation. (MS‐LS2‐2)

3. Career Cluster Content Standards – Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources • Pathway Content Standard: The student will demonstrate competence in the application of scientific principles and techniques to the management of natural resources. • NRS.03. Performance Element: Apply knowledge of natural resources to production and processing industries. • NRS.03.01.03.a. Identify wildlife species that can be sustainably harvested.

4. Bell Work !

5. Terms to Know • Aesthetic value • Commercial value • Domestication • Ecological value • Ecology • Endangered species act • Exploitation • Forest service • Game value

6. Terms to Know • Lacey Act • Migratory Bird Conservation Act • Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act • National Park Service • Pittman-Robertson Act • Scientific value • Wildlife • Wildlife conservation • Wildlife management • Wildlife Refuge Service

7. Explain the history of wildlife conservation • In the 1600’s, when the pilgrims arrived, wildlife was plentiful and was able to meet the needs of the people. • Needs turned into wants, which led to exploitation - the use of natural resources for profit. • By the 1800’s, people began to see a need for conservation of our natural resources

8. What is the history of wildlife conservation? • Morrill Act of 1862 • Established colleges to teach agriculture. (NMSU) • Made “land grant universities” such as the University of Illinois.

9. What is the history of wildlife conservation? • Yellowstone National Park • First national park in the world. • Its purpose was to preserve the natural resources of the area. • 1872 • Located in Idaho, Montana & Wyoming • 3,472 sq. miles • 2,221,773 sq. acres

10. What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation? • National Park Service • Enacted in 1916. • Federal agency responsible for the care of the national parks. • Lacey Act • Regulates the shipment of illegally killed animals. • Made it illegal to trade protected wildlife.

11. What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation? • Migratory Bird Conservation Act • First step in protecting migratory birds. • 1929 • Migratory Bird Hunting Stamp Act • Requires people planning on hunting migratory birds to purchase special stamps. • 1937 • Has raised over $1 billion to date.

12. What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation? • Pittman-Robertson Act • Raises money in the form of taxes on hunting equipment and ammunition • 1937

13. What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation? • Endangered Species Act • Identifies and manages rare, threatened and endangered species. • Threatened-population is in danger of becoming endangered. • Endangered-population is in danger of becoming extinct.

14. What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation? • Wildlife Refuge System • A system of wildlife refuges across the United States. • A part of the US Fish and Wildlife Service. • 1966

15. What are the national policies that impact wildlife conservation? • Forest Service • Part of the USDA that manages 156 forests covering 191 million acres of forests and grassland.

16. Historical People in Wildlife Conservation • John James Audubon (1785-1851) • Watched and studied birds. • Published a book about his bird studies. • 1905 the National Audubon Society was formed.

17. Historical People in Wildlife Conservation • John Muir (1838-1914) • Partly responsible for the development of Yellowstone and Sequoia National Parks. • Encouraged President Roosevelt to establish these parks. • Started the Sierra Club. • California forest named after him.

18. Historical People in Wildlife Conservation • Theodore Roosevelt (1858-1919) • Known as the “Father of the Conservation Movement”. • Passed legislations to help protect natural resource.

19. Historical People in Wildlife Conservation • Aldo Leopold (1886-1948) • Applied ecology to wildlife. • Ecology is the study of how organisms interact with their environment. (Leopold lived and worked in Silver City NM) • Wrote a book called Game Management that was used to help further educate wildlife biologists.

20. Historical People in Wildlife Conservation • Gifford Pinchot (1865-1946) • One of the first leaders of what is now known as the U.S. Forest Service. • Wrote a book called The Fight for Conservation. • His efforts focused on the conservation of forests.

21. Historical People in Wildlife Conservation • Hugh Bennett (1881-1960 • Father of soil conservation. • First person to run the Soil Conservation Service. • Jay Darling (1872-1962) • Designed the first migratory bird stamp. • Drew cartoons of wildlife and natural resources. • His cartoons made the public aware of the need for wildlife conservation.

22. The work of Jay Darling • “Land, water and vegetation are just that dependent on one another. Without these three primary elements in natural balance, we can have neither fish nor game, wild flowers nor trees, labor nor capital, nor sustaining habitat for humans” • Jay “Ding” Darling 

23. The work of Jay Darling

24. What are the values of wildlife • Plants and animals that have not been domesticated are called wildlife. • Domestication is being under control of humans. • There are five basic values of wildlife

25. Five Basic Values of Wildlife • Aesthetic value - the enjoying of wildlife’s beauty and pleasure • Scientific value - studying and research of wildlife for their use in medications, integrated pest management, etc… • Ecological Value - the interaction of wildlife in nature

26. Five Basic Values of Wildlife • Commercial - using wildlife to earn money • Game Value - the enjoyment value gained through hunting and fishing

27. What are wildlife conservation and wildlife management? • Wildlife Conservation-the wise use of natural resources in our environment. • Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4 parts. • Education - learning how to conserve wildlife and its resources. • Research - using science to better understand the needs and requirements of wildlife and its habitat.

28. What are wildlife conservation and wildlife management? • Wildlife Conservation is divided in 4 parts (continued) • Law Enforcement - ensures that all laws related to wildlife are followed. • Wildlife Management - manipulation of wildlife to achieve a positive goal.

29. Review • What is wildlife exploitation? • List and explain the national policies that impact wildlife conservation. • Identify historical people to wildlife conservation. • Describe the values of wildlife. • What is wildlife management? • What is wildlife conservation?

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31. Student Learning Activities • Sample tests are available in the Lesson Plan tab.

32. Leaders in Wildlife Conservation Instructions: 1. Choose one of the leaders in wildlife conservation from the lesson. Write your choice here _____________________. 2. Use the resources available to complete a one-page, typed paper about your chosen leader in wildlife conservation. 3. Answer the following questions in your paper: •Where was this person born? •When were they born? •What was their family like (parents, siblings) •Where did they get their education? •How did they become interested in wildlife conservation? •Why are they considered a leader in wildlife conservation? •Did they write any books or publish any works? •Has anything been named after them? 4. This paper is due ________________________.

33. Have students research an endangered species of their choice. Then have each student create a power point or a poster or a display of their choice and present what they learned to the class.

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