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Cells Unit Cont’d

This comprehensive overview explores the characteristics and differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It details key features such as cell size, nucleus presence, organelles, and cell walls. The discussion extends to membrane structure, the role of phospholipids, and various types of cell transport mechanisms including diffusion, osmosis, and active transport. The text also highlights cellular division methods, ribosome sizes, and genetic material organization, providing a clear understanding of the cellular landscape essential for biology students.

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Cells Unit Cont’d

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Cells Unit Cont’d Proks,Euks, Cell Membrane S&F, Cell Transport, Cell Cycle

  2. Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells Characteristics • Prokaryotes Eukaryote • Size of cell • 0.2-2.0 m m in diameter 10-100 m m in diameter • Nucleus • None True nucleus • Membrane-enclosed organelles • Absent Present; examples include • lysosomes, Golgi complex, • endoplasmic reticulum, • mitochondria & chloroplasts • Flagella • Consist of two protein building Complex; consist of multiple blocks microtubules • Cell wall • Often present; chemically complex When present, chemically simple • Plasma membrane • No carbohydrates and Sterols and carbohydrates that generally lacks sterols serve as receptors present

  3. Proks. Vs. Euks. Cont’d • Cytoplasm • No cytosketeton or Cytoskeleton; cytoplasmic cytoplasmic streaming streaming • Ribosomes • Smaller size (70S) Larger size (80S); smaller size (70S) in organelles • Chromosome (DNA) arrangement • Single circular chromosome; Multiple linear lacks histones chromosomes with histones • Cell division • Binary fission Mitosis • Sexual reproduction • No meiosis; transfer of DNA Involves meiosis fragments only (conjugation)

  4. Comparing Plant vs. Animal Cells

  5. Cell Membrane Structure

  6. Membranes cont’d • The role and significance of the amphipathic phospholipids

  7. Membrane Proteins • Types of MPs • IMPs and PPs • Functions: • Enzymes • Hormone binding sites • Channels for passive transport • Pumps for active transport • Electron Carriers

  8. Types of Cell Transport – Passive Transport Diffusion – the passive movement of particles from a region of higher concentrations to a region of lower concentration, as a result of random molecular motion Role of membrane permeability

  9. Simple vs. Facilitated Diffusion • Exs. Of FD (Na+, K+ and Cl- during nerve cell activity)

  10. Osmosis Different from diffusion across cell membranes because water is a solvent. • The direction in which water moves is due to the concentration of solutes rather than the conc. of water molecules • Defined as - the passive movement of water molecules from a region of lower solute concentration to a region of higher solute conc across a selectively permeable membrane.

  11. Active Transport • The movement of substances across membranes and against their conc. gradient, using energy from ATP • Ex. Na+ - K+ pump; proton (H+) pumps;

  12. General Types of Transport Proteins

  13. Vesicle Transport • Exocytosis – • Endocytosis – • R.M. Endocytosis –

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