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Muscles of the Wrist and Hand

This detailed guide covers the anatomy, actions, origins, and insertions of wrist and hand muscles, including flexors and extensors. Learn about the commonalities and functions of each muscle group and their impact on movement. Understanding these muscles is crucial for activities involving wrist and hand movements.

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Muscles of the Wrist and Hand

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  1. Muscles of the Wrist and Hand • Chapter 7

  2. Flexor carpi radialis • Location: Palmar • Origin: • which epidcondyle? • Insertion: 2nd and 3rd metacarpals • (radius side) • Actions: • flexion of the wrist • abduction of the wrist • (weak elbow flexion) • (weak pronation of the forearm)

  3. Flexor carpi ulnaris • Location: Palmar • Origin: • which epidcondyle? • Insertion: 5th metacarpal • (ulna side) • Actions: • flexion of the wrist • adduction of the wrist • (weak elbow flexion)

  4. Palmaris longus • Location: Palmar • Origin: • Insertion: plamar aponeurosis • (to neither side) • Action: • flexion of the wrist • Why only flexion of the wrist? • (weak flexion of the elbow)

  5. Flexor digitorum superficialis • Location: Palmar • Origin: • Insertion: split tendons attach to the sides of the middle phalanx of the four fingers • Actions: • flexion of fingers and wrist • (weak elbow flexion)

  6. Flexor digitorum profundus • Location: Palmar • Origin: proximal surface of ulna • Insertion: split tendons attach to distal phalanx of the four fingers • Actions: flexion of fingers and wrist

  7. Flexor pollicus longus • Location: Palmar • Origin: middle anterior surface of the radius • Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (palmar surface) • Actions: • flexion of wrist and thumb • abduction of the wrist

  8. Review • What do all the ‘flexor’ muscles have in common? • What do the following muscles have in common? • Flexor carpi radialis • Flexor carpi ulnaris • Palmaris • Flexor digitorum superficialis

  9. Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus • Location: dorsal • Origin: lateral epicondyle • Insertion: base of 2nd metacarpal • Actions: • Extension of the wrist • Abduction of the wrist • weak elbow flexion • weak elbow pronation

  10. Extensor carpi radialis brevis • Location: dorsal • Origin: lateral epicondyle • Insertion: base of 3rd metacarpal • Actions: • Extension of the wrist • Abduction of the wrist • weak elbow flexion

  11. Extensor carpi ulnaris • Location: Dorsal • Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus • Insertion: 5th metacarpal • Actions: • extension of the wrist • adduction of the wrist • weak elbow extension

  12. Extensor digitorum • Location: Dorsal • Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus • Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of the four fingers • Actions: • extension of the fingers • extension of the wrist • weak extension of the elbow

  13. Extensor indicis • Location: Dorsal • Origin: distal ulna • Insertion: base of middle and distal 2nd phalange • Actions: • extension of the 2nd phalange • weak wrist extension • weak supination

  14. Extensor digiti minimi • Location: Dorsal • Origin: lateral epicondyle of the humerus • Insertion: base of middle & distal 5th phalange • Actions: • extension of the 5th phalange • weak wrist extension • weak elbow extension

  15. Extensor pollicus longus • Location: Dorsal • Origin: distal ulna • Insertion: base of the distal phalanx of the thumb (dorsal side) • Actions: • extension of the wrist • extension of the thumb • abduction of the wrist • weak supination • “anatomical snuff box” / scaphoid

  16. Location: Dorsal Origin: distal radius Insertion: base of the proximal phalanx of the thumb (dorsal side) Actions: extension of the thumb abduction of the wrist weak extension of the wrist Extensor pollicus brevis

  17. Location: Dorsal Origin: midshaft of ulna & radius Insertion: base of the 1st metacarpal Actions: abduction of the thumb abduction of the wrist extension of the thumb weak extension of the wrist weak supination Abductor pollicis longus

  18. Review • What do all the extensor muscles have in common? • What do the following muscles have in common? • Extensor carpi radialis • Extensor carpi ulnaris • Extensor digitorum

  19. Review • What do the following pairs of muscles have in common besides their actions • Flexor carpi radialis and extensor carpi radialis • Flexor carpi ulnaris and extensor carpi ulnaris

  20. Intrinsic Muscles • Thenar eminence • Hypothenar eminence

  21. Nerves • Median nerve • Radial side, anterior hand • Ulnar • Ulnar side, anterior hand (“funny bone”) • Radial • Posterior hand

  22. Nerves

  23. Carpal Tunnel • The “tunnel” • Carpal bones • Flexor retinaculum (transverse ligament) • Flexor tendons (except FCU and Palmaris Longus) and median nerve • Repetition and overuse • Swelling and inflammation

  24. Arteries • Radial • Ulnar

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