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Classical Genetics

Classical Genetics. The Language. Image from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hazel_eye.jpg. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chromosomes.JPG. http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Chromosome.gif. Organization in the Nucleus.

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Classical Genetics

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  1. Classical Genetics The Language Image from: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Hazel_eye.jpg

  2. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Chromosomes.JPG http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/91/Chromosome.gif Organization in the Nucleus • Long strands of chromatincondense into chromosomes. • The sister chromatids are the result of replication. • Each chromatid has the same base sequence • Histone proteins act as spools

  3. Some Vocabulary • Gene • Allele • Zygote • Gamete Section of DNA that codes for a trait (actually, they code for protein strands but more on that later) Different “forms” of a gene (brown eyes vs. blue eyes) fertilized egg (alleles in pairs) sex cells i.e. sperm and eggs (single alleles)

  4. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/visibleproofs/media/detailed/vi_a_201.jpghttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/visibleproofs/media/detailed/vi_a_201.jpg http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b7/Snow_Pea_on_Plant.JPG MendelA monk and his peas • Mid 19th century Austrian • Developed a basic understanding of inheritance of traits. • Followed traits in generations of pea plants

  5. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mendel_seven_characters.svghttp://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mendel_seven_characters.svg Following the Traits

  6. Mendel’s “Laws” • Genes for traits comein pairs(one from each parent). • Law of dominance – one gene (allele) can prevent the appearance of another gene (allele). • Law of segregation – when gametes form, pairs of genes separate so each gamete gets one of each gene pair. • Law of independent assortment – During gamete formation, genes for different traits separate independently of one another.

  7. More Vocabulary Having different alleles in an allelic pair (Bb) AKA hybrid Both alleles in the pair are the same (BB, bb) AKA pure The allele that is expressed (shown) in a heterozygous pair of alleles The allele that is NOT expressed in the heterozygous pair of alleles • Heterozygous • Homozygous • Dominant • Recessive

  8. Even More Vocabulary The physical traits that are expressed in an individual e.g. brown eyes The alleles present in an individual e.g. BB or Bb • Phenotype • Genotype *Phenotype does not always show genotype Brown eyes = BB or Bb So how do we figure out our genotype? More on that…next class

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