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Understanding Carbohydrates and Proteins: Molecules of Life

This section explores the essential molecules of life: carbohydrates and proteins. Carbohydrates, made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, are classified into monosaccharides (simple sugars like glucose), disaccharides (double sugars), and polysaccharides (such as starch and glycogen). They serve as the primary energy source for cells. Proteins, composed of amino acids linked by peptide bonds, play vital roles in structure and function within living organisms. Discover the importance of these macromolecules in biological systems.

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Understanding Carbohydrates and Proteins: Molecules of Life

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  1. Section 2 Molecules of Life Pg. 55

  2. Carbohydrates • Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1 • Carbohydrates can exist as 1) monosaccharides(simple sugar) 2) disaccharides (double sugar) 3) polysaccharides (“many” sugars)

  3. Glucose is a very important sugar to living things. • Glucose, hence carbohydrates, are the most important source of energy for our cells.

  4. Monosaccharides- simple sugars • Glucose • Fructose • Galactose • They can be combined to form a disaccharide by a ? reaction. CONDENSATION

  5. Isomers- same formula but slightly different structure • glucose C6H12O6

  6. Polysaccharides & examples • Composed of three or more monosaccharides especially glucose 1) glycogen 2) starch • Animals store glucose as glycogen.

  7. Plants store glucose as starch. Another large polysaccharide is cellulose

  8. Proteins • Compounds made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen

  9. Proteins make up hair, skin, muscles, enzymes, and horns

  10. Amino acids- the building block or subunit of proteins • There are 20 amino acids and they are linked together by peptide bonds to form proteins. • A ? reaction is the process that links them together. CONDENSATION

  11. A peptide bond forms between 2 amino acids… • The peptide bond forms between the C, H, N, O.

  12. Happy Halloween!!!!

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