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Essential Guide to Crime Scene Investigation and Evidence Collection

This guide outlines the critical steps for effectively searching a crime scene. It emphasizes the importance of wearing protective gear to minimize contamination and discusses various search patterns such as spiral, grid, line, and zone. Each technique caters to different environments and team sizes. It also covers the proper collection and packaging of physical evidence, highlighting the importance of working within the Golden Hour to gather time-sensitive information. Clear labeling, sealing, and special techniques for fragile evidence are emphasized to preserve the integrity of the investigation.

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Essential Guide to Crime Scene Investigation and Evidence Collection

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  1. How to Walk a Scene

  2. Search the Crime Scene • When searching a crime scene, wear the following, if available, to minimize contamination • Disposable gloves • Masks • Coveralls with a hood • Slippers

  3. Search Patterns • Depend on the size and the location of the crime scene and the number of investigators available • Stick to one pattern and one supervisor • Better to collect everything and not need it than fail to collect something and need it later

  4. Search Patterns (continued) • Spiral – may move inward or outward; best used where there are no physical barriers • Grid – basically a double-line search; effective, but time-consuming • Line (Strip) – best in large, outdoor scenes • Zone (Quadrant) – most effective in houses or buildings; teams are assigned small zones for searching

  5. Search Patterns (continued) Spiral Grid Quadrant or Zone Strip or Line

  6. Collect & Package Evidence • Physical evidence must be packaged and collected before time and weather can alter it • Physical evidence – any object that can establish that a crime has been committed or links a crime and the victim or suspect • The Golden Hour – the window of opportunity to collect time-sensitive information or evidence

  7. Collect & Package Evidence (continued) • Each item must be placed in a separate container, and sealed and labeled – Prevents cross contamination • The most fragile evidence is collected and packaged first • Different types of evidence require specific or special collection and packaging techniques • The body is the property of the coroner or medical examiner; collection of evidence on the body is done by that department

  8. Collect & Package Evidence (continued) • Containers such as vials, envelopes, plastic bags, paper bags, canisters, and cardboard boxes are good packaging devices • Most items should be placed in a primary container and then in a secondary container • Trace evidence may be placed on a piece of paper which is then folded in a “druggist fold” and placed in a secondary container

  9. Collect & Package Evidence (continued) • Containers should be sealed with tamper proof tape, and dated and initialed • Each package should contain • Date, time, and location • Case number • Agency and collector’s name • Victim’s name(s) • Description of contents • Never package two items from two different sources or locations

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