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Subcortical Neuroanatomy

Subcortical Neuroanatomy. Russell M. Bauer, Ph.D. University of Florida January 23, 2006. We will cover…. Limbic System Subcortical circuits involving basal ganglia Thalamocortical circuitry relevant to cognition. Limbic System. Cingulate gyrus. Amygdala. Fornix. Septum.

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Subcortical Neuroanatomy

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  1. Subcortical Neuroanatomy Russell M. Bauer, Ph.D. University of Florida January 23, 2006

  2. We will cover… • Limbic System • Subcortical circuits involving basal ganglia • Thalamocortical circuitry relevant to cognition

  3. Limbic System

  4. Cingulate gyrus Amygdala Fornix Septum Mammillary body Olfactory bulb

  5. Two Limbic Circuits Anterior Thalamus Dorsomedial Thalamus Mamillothalamic Tract Mammilary Bodies Cingulate Gyrus Orbitofrontal Amygdalofugal pathways Fornix Uncus Hippocampus Amygdala PRPH Lateral Medial (Papez) Bauer, Grande, & Valenstein, 2003

  6. Thalamus

  7. Blumenfeld, 2002

  8. Blumenfeld, 2002

  9. Blumenfeld, 2002

  10. Basal Ganglia

  11. Blumenfeld, 2002 Lateral view

  12. ventral striatum Blumenfeld, 2002 Anterolateral view

  13. Basal Ganglia • Caudate + Putamen = Striatum • Putamen + Globus Pallidus = Lenticular nucleus • Subthalamic Nucleus • Substantia Nigra • Nucleus accumbens and ventral pallidum also considered part of BG

  14. Integrated Subcortical Circuitry

  15. General Organization of Frontal cortical-striatal-pallidal-thalamic-cortical loops

  16. Blumenfeld, 2002

  17. Blumenfeld, 2002

  18. Blumenfeld, 2002

  19. Dorsolateral (Prefrontal) Loop • Critical for executive function • Damage produces • Inflexibility • Planning • Problem-solving • Goal-directed behavior

  20. Orbitofrontal (Limbic) Loop • Involved in social and emotional functioning • Damage produces: • Disinhibition • Hyperactivity • Emotional lability • Aggressiveness • Reduce self-awareness

  21. Phineas Gage (1823-1861, accident in 1848)

  22. Phineas Gage’s lesion reconstructed (H. Damasio and R. Frank, 1992)

  23. Medial Frontal/Cingulate Loop • Important in behavioral activation • Damage results in • Akinetic mutism • Abulia • Impairments in spontaneous initiation of behavior

  24. (Burruss, et. al., Radiology, 2000)

  25. Motor Activation/Preparation Heilman, Watson, & Valenstein, 2003

  26. Selective Engagement (Nadeau & Crosson, 1997)

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