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Chick Embryo Early Development and Notochord Regression Process

Explore the early stages of chick embryo development including node regression, notochord formation, and neurulation in the ectoderm. Learn about the organization of the body axis, development of extra-embryonic tissues, and the regression of Hensen’s Node. Dive into the typical vertebrate organization of the chick embryo and the formation of extra-embryonic membranes. Discover the process of mouse embryo development from fertilization to blastocyst formation and the implantation of ES cells for transgenesis.

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Chick Embryo Early Development and Notochord Regression Process

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  1. Finish chick early development:Node regression, notochord formation, and neurulation in the ectodermOrganization of the body axis, cross-sectionDevelopment of 4 extra-embryonic tissues

  2. Regression of Hensen’s Node: 1) progressively laying down notochord toward the posterior tip and 2) progressively shutting down endomesoderm induction and waterfall ingression thru the streak.

  3. N N N N Stage 6 Stage 7 Stage 4 18hr Stage 5 N N N Stage 8 Stage 7 N Stage 9 Stage 10 36hr Regression of Hensen’s Node

  4. Neurulation in the chick, after the node regresses

  5. Typical vertebrate organization of the chick embryo(and >200 selector gene domains) “Somatic mesoderm” “Visceral mesoderm” Notochord **Or wait until the embryo lifts off the yolk sac

  6. Extra-embryonic membranes of the chick

  7. Amnion and chorion: contain ectoderm and somatic mesodermYolk sac and allantois: contain enododerm and visceral mesoderm

  8. Chick development: Formation of the allantois

  9. Start mouse development: fertilization to the 128 cell blastocyst

  10. Human or mouse embryo: pre-implantation stages gene expressionstarts 2 2. Blastocyst cavity formation 3. Cell sorting (hypo vs. epi) 1. compaction 4. hatching Fallopian tube 128 cell Day 7-human Day 5.5-mouse

  11. Mouse pre-implantation stages: compaction, apical-basal polarization, cleavage, blastocyst cavity formation 128-cell blastocyst compaction 128-cell blastocyst Compaction at the late 8-cell stage, With apical-basal polarization of cells

  12. Oct4 gene expression in epiblast Human 128cell blastocyst before/during hatching “zona” Holding pipet Injection pipet Injection of ES cells into the blastocyst cavity Mouse embryonic stem cells (ES cells) from the inner cell mass, growing in a culture dish

  13. Mouse transgenesis (insertion of a foreign gene into the mouse genome) Dr. Mario Capecchi-1984 Univ. of Utah (random) (e.g., GFP with promoter) FOSTERMOTHER non-homologous integration (2x) Green ES cells Gene for red fluorescent protein (RFP) Gene for green fluorescent protein (GFP) from jellyfish

  14. Implantation of the human blastocyst in the uterine wall. Mouse implantation is also invasive, like human Syncytio- trophoblast Maternal tissue Uterine fluid

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