1. Mendel’s Contribution(s)?

2. Mendel’s First Postulate Unit Factors in Pairs • Genetic characteristics are controlled by unit factors that exist in pairs in individual organisms, • each individual receives one unit factor from each parent, • in a monohybrid cross, three combinations of unit factors are possible,

3. Mendel’s Second Postulate Dominant/Recessive • When two unlike unit factors are present in a single individual, one unit factor is dominant to the other, which is said to be recessive.

4. Mendel’s Third Postulate Segregation • During the processes of heredity, the paired unit factors separate so that the offspring receives one unit factor from each parent, • The unit factors segregate to offspring randomly.

5. Mendel’s Forth Postulate Independent Assortment • How do two traits segregate in the offspring of an individual that is heterozygous for both traits?

6. Forked-Line MethodHaplo/Diplo and complementation Both recessive: aaDD x Ad  female: AaDd, male aD Both Dominant: aaDD x Ad  female: AaDd, male aD One dominant*: aadd x AD  female: AaDd, male ad or… AADD x ad  female: AaDd, male AD * need to define which is dominant!

7. 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 AD ½ D ½ d 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 Ad 1/2 A 1/2 D 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 aD ½ d 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 ad 1/2 a Forked-Line MethodHaplo/DiploAaDd

8. 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 AD ½ D ½ d 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 Ad 1/2 A 1/2 D 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 aD ½ d 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 ad 1/2 a Forked-Line MethodHaplo/DiploAaDd x AD* (*male genotype could be ad, aD, Ad) 1 AD = ¼ ADAD 1 AD = ¼ AdAD 1 AD = ¼ aDAD 1 AD = ¼ adAD

9. LabLife Cycles

10. Wasp Development Timelines18o, 28o C

11. C. elegans Nomenclature Tower of Babel