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Molecular Genetics

This content delves into the intricate field of molecular genetics, focusing on the principles of information content in genetic messages represented in bits, utilizing Shannon's concept of encoding. It discusses the characteristics of viral genomes, highlighting their reliance on host cells for reproduction and protein synthesis. Additionally, it explores the role of transposable elements, particularly insertion sequences, which contain genes that enable mobility within the genome, showcasing the dynamic nature of genetic material and its evolutionary implications.

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Molecular Genetics

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  1. Molecular Genetics

  2. http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/code.gif

  3. INFORMATION CONTENT IN BITS I = X LOG2N FROM SHANNON WHERE X IS # CHARACTERS IN MESSAGE N IS LETTERS IN ALPHABET, ASSUMING THEY ARE EQUALLY LIKELY (PRETTY GOOD ASSUMPTION FOR DNA BASES, NOT SO GOOD FOR AA)

  4. VIRUSES HAVE VERY SMALL GENOMES REPRODUCE ONLY IN HOTS CELL CODE FOR COAT PROTEINS AND ENZMES NEEDED FOR VIRAL LIFE CYCLE HIJECKS CELL METABOLISM AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS MACHINERY

  5. CAPSOMERES CAN BE SURROUNDED BY A MEMBRANOUS ENVELOPE (FLU)

  6. Transposable elements and jumping genes Simplest elements are insertion sequences (prokaryotes only). Contains a gene coding for an enzyme which moves the sequence and is flanked by inverted repeats

  7. Inverted repeats allow the formation of stem-loop stuctures. Loops can be very large, containing whole genes! This is a common theme in nucleic acid processing- remember palindromes, tRNA, etc. Two insertion sequences flaning a coding region make the whole region portable. We have evolved to evolve.

  8. Carbon Atomic mass ~12.1 Atomic number 6 Most versatile chemistry of any element Sixth most abundant element in the universe (see atomic number)

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