1 / 27

Understanding Matter: Pure Substances, Mixtures & Elements

Explore the classifications of matter, like pure substances and mixtures, alongside the periodic table's elements, metals, nonmetals, and metalloids. Learn about solutions, phases, and separating mixtures effectively.

dtoni
Télécharger la présentation

Understanding Matter: Pure Substances, Mixtures & Elements

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 1 Classification of Matter Part 3

  2. Classification of Matter

  3. Classification of Matter

  4. Pure Substances • A pure substance has a fixed composition. • Pure substances are either compounds or elements. • A pure substance differs from a mixture in the following ways: • Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same characteristic properties. • Every sample of a given pure substance has exactly the same composition.

  5. Mixtures • A mixture is a blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which retains its own identity and properties • mixed together physically • can usually be separated • Heterogeneous • Homogeneous

  6. Heterogeneous mixtures • Are not uniform in composition. • Examples: • Sand and salt • Sand and water

  7. Homogeneous mixtures • Uniform in composition, • Example: • Salt and water • Nitrogen and oxygen in air. • Copper and silver in sterling silver.

  8. Which is which?

  9. Solutions • Homogeneous mixtures are also known as solutions. • Any part of a mixture with uniform composition is known as a phase. • Salt and water: one phase • Oil and water: 2 phases

  10. Parts of a solution

  11. The odor of a solid results from molecules of that solid being dissolved in the air Oxygen and other gases in nitrogen (air) Water vapor in air (humidity) Ethanol (common alcohol) in water; various hydrocarbons in each other (petroleum) Carbon dioxide in water (carbonated water) Sucrose (table sugar) in water; sodium chloride (table salt) in water; gold in mercury, forming an amalgam Hydrogen dissolves rather well in metals; platinum has been studied as a storage medium Water in activated charcoal; moisture in wood Steel, duralumin, other metal alloys

  12. Separating mixtures • Physical means are used to separate mixtures. • Pick it out • Use a magnet • But there are other physical means

  13. Other methods:

  14. What other Physical methods? • Filtration • Evaporation • Any method that does not change the physicals properties of the substances.

  15. Pure Substances • Pure Substances are either Compounds or Elements. • Compounds are chemically bound elements. They can be broken down into elements. • Elements cannot be broken down further.

  16. Periodic Table

  17. Symbols • A chemical symbol is an abbreviation of the name of a chemical element. • Natural elements all have symbols of one or two letters. • Some man-made elements have temporary symbols of three letters.

  18. Regions of the Periodic Table

  19. Introduction to the Periodic Table • The vertical columns of the periodic table are called groups, or families. • Each group contains elements with similar chemical properties. • The horizontal rows of elements in the periodic table are called periods. • Physical and chemical properties change somewhat regularly across a period.

  20. Types of Elements • Metals • A metalis an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor. • Properties of metals • most are solids at room temperature • malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets • ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire • conduct electricity and heat well

  21. Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metals • A metal is an element that is a good electrical conductor and a good heat conductor. • Properties of metals • most are solids at room temperature • malleable - they can be hammered or rolled into thin sheets • ductile - they can be drawn into a fine wire • conduct electricity and heat well

  22. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Gold, copper, and aluminum are metals

  23. Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Nonmetals • A nonmetal is an element that is a poor conductor of heat and electricity. • Properties of nonmetals • many are gases • solids are brittle • poor conductors of heat and electricity

  24. Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Various nonmetal elements • (a) carbon, (b) sulfur, (c) phosphorus, and (d) iodine

  25. Chapter 1 Types of Elements • Metalloids • A metalloidis an element that has some characteristics of metals and some characteristics of nonmetals. • Properties of metalloids • all metalloids are solids at room temperature • semiconductors of electricity

  26. Section3 Elements Chapter 1 Types of Elements Noble Gases • generally unreactive • elements in Group 8A of the periodic table • gases at room temperature

More Related