History Of S.A.

1. History Of S.A. BY TOM WILSON

2. Question 1 When and where was south Australia proclaimed as an self governing colony? South Australia was proclaimed as a self-governing colony on the 28th December 1836. Governor John Hindmarsh made the proclamation speech at the Old Gum Tree in Glenelg. There were 200 free settlers and Robert Gouger, the colonial secretary, at the Old Gum Tree the day Hindmarsh read the proclamation.

3. Question 1 The 28th of December is now known as Proclamation Day. The speech is read out every year at the scene where Hindmarsh first read the proclamation.

4. Question 2 South Australia was set up differently from the other colonies. Explain. Edward Gibbon Wakefield had an idea that he should build a colony with free settlers after problems in other Australian colonies and wanted a methodical approach. In 1829 Wakefield was in prison where he wrote letters about a clear plan for a colony which was published thedaily newspaper. He also thought that land should be sold, not given away and the money should be used to bring skilled labourers (free of charge) to build a work force in Adelaide. Building wasn’t done by convicts or people without skills. However, land prices were high enough so only the right sort of people, could stay in the colony. The Colonisation act was passed in 1834. This meant that Adelaide was named, planned and sold before free settlers left for Australia. The HMS Buffalo set sail in early 1836.

5. Question 3 Who named Adelaide? Who is Adelaide named after? Colonel William Light named Adelaide, and some of the first streets. Adelaide was named after Queen Adelaide, she was the wife of King William IV. She was a German Princess. Her actual name was Adelheid Amalie Luise Theresa Carolin of Saxe-Meiningen. In July 1818, after she married future King William IV, she changed her name to Adelaide.

6. Question 4 Why is Adelaide located where it is today? Who made this decision? Colonel William Light made the final choice of were Adelaide was and he chose it because of the fresh water and good grasslands. He had a plan, known as “Light’s Vision.” Light’s decision was unpopular. Governor John Hindmarsh and many settlers did not want the city were it was. But James Hurtle Fisher supported Light. In Light’s diary he states: Light Square plague

7. Question 4 Why is Adelaide Located as it is today? Other places considered were Kangaroo Island, Yorke Peninsula and Eyre Peninsula. The city of Adelaide was founded in 1836, which was decided by Colonel William Light.

8. Question 5 Why is Adelaide designed as it is? Explain Colonel William Light’s vision for Adelaide. Colonel William Light’s design of the city was known as ‘Light’s Vision’. He wanted a grid-like pattern with wide streets. He wanted to have grassy areas with squares in each corner and in the middle of the city.

9. Question 6 Who were the first settlers in Adelaide? The first Adelaide’s citizens were, free settlers and early pioneers sent in the 1800s from Great Britain. They made the prices of the land high so that only the richest and desirable people could come to Adelaide, Australia. Free passage was given to labourers, who were healthy, under 30 and skilled to build the city.

10. Governor Hindmarsh – Family Life 1785 – 1860 He was baptised on the 22nd May 1785. His dad, John Hindmarsh, was a gunner on HMS Bellaphon. His mum was called Mary. At the age of 14 he became his father’s servant on the HMS Bellaphon. He married Susannah Wilson Edmeades and had four children. They had 3 daughters and one son, named John. His son, John, was born in Paris in 1820. Governor John Hindmarsh died on the 29th of July 1860.

11. Governor Hindmarsh – Work Life At age 14 he worked as his father’s servant on HMS Bellaphon. He spent time working in the Mediterranean and East Indies. In 1802, he applied for a position of Lieutenant. However, papers showed his date of birth was 1782 instead of 1785. He received a promotion at 18 years of age, when you were meant to be 21 years old before you got a promotion. He saw active service in the Battle of the Glorious in June 1794 and the Retreat of Cornwell in June 1795. In August 1798 was the Battle of the Nile. He was attacked and bruised and eventually lost sight in his right eye. After 10 years of service he had helped capture or destroy 40 enemy ships. In 1814 he became commander. In 1834 he worked in a shipyard, preparing a steamer, Nile, to go to the Egyptian Navy. This ship was to go to William Light. This was the first time he met Light. He became the captain of the Nile because of Light. They later worked together in developing Adelaide.

12. Governor Hindmarsh’s Role in Adelaide / South Australia’s History John Hindmarsh became the first Governor of South Australia, from 1836 until 1838. Colonel James Charles Napier was to be the Governor of the proposed colony of South Australia in 1835. But he resigned and hoped that his place was to be given to William Light. However, Lord Glenelg approved that John Hindmarsh would become the captain of the voyage to South Australia, and that he would be the Governor of South Australia. Lord Auckland, supported Hindmarsh becoming Governor, saying that he was “good tempered, anxious to do the right thing and used to hardship.”

13. Governor Hindmarsh’s Role in Adelaide / South Australia’s History On July the 11th 1836, Sir Hindmarsh and his wife Susannah and their four children left England on the HMS Buffalo. He was in charge, in other words the leader. There were 173 other passengers on board the HMS Buffalo. He provided enough food and drink but the passengers did not like him. He did not care if they were seasick.

14. Governor Hindmarsh’s Role in Adelaide / South Australia’s History His greatest concern was access to a port, and wanted to settle the colony in Port Lincoln. However, Colonel William Light, the surveyor-general, disagreed. He wanted to settle in what is now Adelaide. Even after arriving in Adelaide, Governor Hindmarsh still wanted to relocate Adelaide. Lots of people disagreed with him. Governor Hindmarsh lost a public vote to move the site of Adelaide. Hindmarsh’s relationship with everyone was a challenge after that. He eventually got sent back to England on board the HMS Alligator on the 14th of July 1838. This ended his role of Governor in South Australia. Interestingly, they did not find someone else to do his job until 3 months later. They obviously did not like him and the trouble he was causing. He was then sent to become the Governor of Heligoland, which was more successful for him than Adelaide. After that he returned to England and died on the 29th July 1860.

15. Important things named after Governor Hindmarsh: Hindmarsh Plumbing Hindmarsh Island Hindmarsh Medical Hindmarsh Falls

16. Governor Hindmarsh’s Role in Adelaide / South Australia’s History Hindmarsh Stadium Hindmarsh Pest Control Hindmarsh Square

17. Bibliography Adelaide History South Australia 2012, accessed 17 March 2013, <http://www.slasa.asn.au/org1/org4FFB24c6j33W/internet.php>. After whom was the city of Adelaide named? 2013, accessed 06 March 2013, <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/After_whom_was_the_city_of_Adelaide_named>. Governor John Hindmarsh 2011, accessed 10 March 2013, <http://boundforsouthaustralia.net.au/journey-content/governor-hindmarsh.html>. Hindmarsh, Sir John (1785–1860) 2013, accessed 14 March 2013, <http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hindmarsh-sir-john-1315>. History Glenelg SA 2010, accessed 18 March 2013, <http://glenelgsa.com.au/history>. History of Adelaide 2012, accessed 17 March 2013, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Adelaide>. Light's vision 2012, accessed 20 March 2013, <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light's_Vision>. Sir John Hindmarsh, c 1836. Image courtesy of SLSA, image, accessed 10 March 2013, <http://boundforsouthaustralia.net.au/journey-content/governor-hindmarsh.html>. South Australia 2007, accessed 18 March 2013, <http://www.australiaonnet.com/polity/south-australia.html>. Why did Colonel William Light name Adelaide? 2013, accessed 21 March 2013, <http://wiki.answers.com/Q/Why_did_Colonel_William_Light_name_Adelaide>.