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Understanding Atomic Structure: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, and Isotopes

This guide explores the fundamental concepts of atomic structure, including regular atoms, atomic number, and mass. Learn how the number of protons and neutrons determines atomic properties, with a focus on isomers and ions. We present several examples, such as gold, carbon-14, and various charged atoms, illustrating the principles of atomic designation. Engage in exercises to identify protons, neutrons, and electrons for different elements and demonstrate your understanding of atomic interactions, isotopes, and ionic charges.

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Understanding Atomic Structure: Protons, Neutrons, Electrons, and Isotopes

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  1. January, 2012 Atomic Math

  2. Regular Atoms • Atomic Number • = the number of protons • = the number of electrons • Atomic Mass • = the number of protons + neutrons • Gold • P: 79 • N: 197-79 = 118 • E: 79

  3. Your Turn: Regular Atoms • P: 23 N: 28 E: 23 • P: 44 N: 57 E: 44 • P: 53 N: 74 E: 53 • P: 16 N: 16 E: 16 • P: 14 N: 14 E: 14 • P: 8 N: 8 E: 8 • P: 86 N: 136 E: 86 • P: 58 N: 82 E: 58 • Vanadium • Ruthenium • Iodine • Sulfur • Silicon • Oxygen • Radon • Cerium

  4. Isotopes • Atoms of the SAME ELEMENT that have a different number of NEUTRONS (New Mass) Gold - 200 • Atomic Number • = Number of Protons • = Number of Electrons • Atomic Mass • = the number of Protons + Neutrons • =200 now! (See Above?) • Gold – 200 • P: 79 • N: 200 – 79 = 121 • E: 79

  5. Your Turn: Isotopes! • P: 6 N: 8 E: 6 • P: 19 N: 18 E: 19 • P: 76 N: 124 E: 76 • P: 50 N: 65 E: 50 • P: 29 N: 36 E: 29 • P: 54 N: 80 E: 54 • P: 22 N: 28 E: 22 • P: 40 N: 60 E: 40 • Carbon-14 • Potassium-37 • Osmium-200 • Tin-115 • Copper-65 • Xenon-134 • Titanium-50 • Zirconium-100

  6. Ions • Atoms of the same element where the ELECTRONS are not equal to the PROTONS • Charged Atoms • Losing Electrons Creates a Positive Ion • Gaining Electrons Creates a Negative Ion • Atomic Number • = the Number of Pr0tons • Atomic Mass • = the Number of Protons + Neutrons • Gold 3+ • P: 79 • N: 118 • E: 79 – 3 = 76

  7. Your Turn: Ions • P: 13 N: 14 E: 10 • P: 5 N: 6 E: 9 • P: 18 N: 22 E: 19 • P: 34 N: 45 E: 32 • P: 26 N: 30 E: 25 • P: 88 N: 138 E: 93 • P: 80 N: 121 E: 78 • P: 10 N: 10 E: 12 • Aluminum 3+ • Boron 4- • Argon 1- • Selenium 2+ • Iron 1+ • Radium 5- • Mercury 2+ • Neon 2-

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