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Bean/Cowpea CRSP Biodiversity and Conservation Activities

Bean/Cowpea CRSP Biodiversity and Conservation Activities. James R. Steadman- University of Nebraska. Latin America and Caribbean Project. East and Southern Africa Project. Malawi Mozambique South Africa Tanzania. West Africa Project. Guatemala Haiti Honduras Jamaica Nicaragua.

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Bean/Cowpea CRSP Biodiversity and Conservation Activities

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  1. Bean/Cowpea CRSP Biodiversity and Conservation Activities James R. Steadman- University of Nebraska

  2. Latin America and Caribbean Project East and SouthernAfrica Project MalawiMozambiqueSouth AfricaTanzania West Africa Project GuatemalaHaitiHondurasJamaicaNicaragua Costa RicaDominican RepublicEcuadorEl Salvador BeninBurkina FasoCameroonGhana NigerNigeriaSenegalZimbabwe

  3. Bean/Cowpea CRSP priority over past 25 years • Development of improved germplasm and cultivars for common bean and cowpea. Biotic stresses emphasized

  4. Accessions of Common Bean and Related Species

  5. Accessions of Cowpea Germplasm Cowpea collections from Africa increased USDA-PI holdings from 2,000 to 7,000 in 20 years

  6. USA elite breeding lines crossed to landraces from Africa and the Americas • In 1980’s USA beans had narrow germplasm base • Crosses broaden genetic diversity and • Increase resistance to biotic stresses.

  7. Use of exotic bean germplasm by Bean/Cowpea CRSP researchers • A unique source of resistance to Bean Golden Yellow Mosaic derived from P. coccineus (Univ. of Puerto Rico) • Wild tepary bean germplasm is a source of resistance to bean weevil (Oregon State Univ.) • High-yielding common bean breeding lines developed from a cross with a wild bean accession (Michigan State Univ.) • Dominican PC-50 used for white mold and adult plant rust resistance (Univ. of Nebraska)

  8. Biodiversity of Bean Lines in the Caribbean • Dominican landraces were characterized and used to improve bean production • Haitian bean germplasm may be a source of unique combinations of Andean and Mesoamerican genes for disease resistance.

  9. Overlooked area of biodiversity-Plant associated microbes

  10. Domestic & international culture collection of bean pathogens- Fungal

  11. Domestic & international culture collection of bean pathogens- Bacterial

  12. Domestic & international culture collection of bean pathogens- Viruses

  13. Domestic & international culture collection of bean pathogens- BNF Microbes

  14. Bean & Cowpea germplasm and pathogen collections In addition to new sources of disease resistance and screening methods- • Unique coevolution of host/pathogen studies- bean rust, web blight • Transgenic cowpea/insectstudies- pest population diversity

  15. Deployment of improved bean lines • Farmer association/NAR collaboration- (Dom. Republic) • Local committees of agricultural research (Ecuador) • Farmer-managed field trials (Malawi) • Participatory breeding (Central America)

  16. On-going need for clean seed of new lines • Dambos (wetlands) used for seed production in Malawi with minimal impact on natural diversity

  17. Present and Future conservation/diversity problems • Inadequate microbiology conservation locations, e.g. ATCC • Homeland security / APHIS requires permit for all pathogens/pests • Underfunding for germplasm collection andconservation

  18. Present and Future conservation/diversity problems • Developing country fears of losing natural resources- limited or no collections • Loss of landraces/ wild germplasm • Loss of funding for CRSPs and IARCs

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