1. Unit 19 Pulse and Respiration

2. Objectives • Spell and define terms. • Define pulse. • Explain the importance of monitoring a pulse rate. • Locate the pulse sites. • Identify the range of normal pulse and respiratory rates.

3. Objectives • Measure the pulse at different locations. • List the characteristics of the pulse and respiration. • List eight guidelines for using the stethoscope.

4. The Pulse • Pressure of the blood felt against the wall of an artery • As the heart alternately contracts and relaxes • More easily felt in arteries that are fairly close to the skin

5. The Pulse • Same in all arteries throughout the body • An indication of how the cardiovascular system is meeting the body’s needs

6. Radial Pulse • Most commonly measured pulse • It is measured at the radial artery in the wrist

7. Using a Stethoscope • Clean ear pieces and diaphragm of the stethoscope before using it • Clean stethoscope tubing if it contacts patient or bed linen • Check ear pieces for wax • Remove it if present

8. Using a Stethoscope • Check stethoscope tubing • Do not use if it has cracks or holes in it • Position ear pieces facing forward

9. Using a Stethoscope • Diaphragm of stethoscope • Should not contact the patient’s clothing, blood pressure cuff, or other device • Place diaphragm flat against the skin and hold it in place • If the diaphragm is at an angle • You will not be able to hear the sounds

10. Using a Stethoscope • Apply firm, but gentle pressure when holding the diaphragm in place • If you press too hard, you may be unable to hear the sound

11. The Apical Pulse • Measured by counting the heart contractions

12. Apical-Radial Pulse Rate • Apical and radial pulse rate is a comparison of the apical rate and the radial rate • Usually, they are the same

13. Respiration • The main function of respirationis to supply cells in the body with oxygen • To rid the body of excess carbon dioxide

14. Respiration • Since breathing may be voluntarily controlled • Patient should not know you are counting respirations • Note whether the patient’s breathing is • Normal (easy) or labored (dyspneic) • Shallow or deep, and quiet or noisy

15. Respiration • Check the muscles of the neck and abdomen • If the patient is using these muscles for breathing, inform the nurse