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Getting ready for the 20 th Century

The 19th century saw transformative inventions shaping society and the economy. Cyrus McCormick's reaper (1831) revolutionized agriculture, while Samuel Morse's telegraph (1844) connected distant cities. Alexander Graham Bell's telephone (1876) and Thomas Edison's light bulb (1879) further transformed daily life. This era also witnessed dramatic shifts in social structure, highlighted by the rise of the ultra-rich "Captains of Industry" like Rockefeller and Carnegie, and increasing class stratification, as middle-class values emerged alongside the struggles of African Americans for equality.

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Getting ready for the 20 th Century

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  1. Getting ready for the 20th Century

  2. New Inventions

  3. McCormick’s Reaper

  4. Reaper • 1831 invented by Cyrus McCormick • 1847 mass produces them • Cut the crops • Later inventions stacked and bundled the crops

  5. Telegraph

  6. Telegraph • Invented by Samuel Morse • 1844 first transmission sent from Washington D.C. to Baltimore • 1866 a transatlantic telegraph line is completed

  7. Transatlantic Telegraph Cable

  8. Telephone

  9. Telephone • Invented by Alexander Graham Bell • 1876 received the patent for the telephone

  10. Light bulb

  11. 1879 • Thomas Edison • Platinum light bulbs were already around • Edison’s light bulbs were cheaper

  12. Stratification of the Classes • Ultra Rich • Captains of Industry • “Robber Barons” • Middle Class • Ultra Poor

  13. Bill GatesMicrosoft $101,000,000,000 in 1999 currently has $40,000,000,000

  14. Mark ZuckerbergFacebook Approximately $20,000,000,000

  15. Andrew Carnegie U.S. Steel $298,300,000,000 $475,000,000

  16. Cornelius VanderbiltRailroad $143,000,000,000 $105,000,000

  17. RockefellerStandard Oil $663,400,000,000 1.5% of U.S. Economy $1,400,000,000

  18. J.P. Morgan $1,390,000,000 Bailed out the Federal Government during the Panic of 1893

  19. Middle Class • Starts to emerge

  20. First football game: Rutgers vs. Princeton

  21. Cincinnati Red Stockings

  22. Working Class

  23. African Americans

  24. African Americans

  25. Plessyv Ferguson • 1896 • Segregation • “Separate but equal”

  26. Booker T. Washington • Founded the Tuskegee Institute • Earn equality

  27. W.E.B. DuBois • Founded the NAACP • Agitate for equality

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